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AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

Radford's Garages

and How to Build

A STANDARD COLLECTION OF

NEW, ORIGINAL, AND ARTISTIC DESIGNS FOR UP-TO-DATE PRIVATE
AND PUBUC GARAGES ADAPTED TO FRAME, BRICK, STONE
CEMENT, STUCCO, OR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
TOGETHER WITH ESTIMATES OF COST

Selected and Compiled by

WILLIAM A. RADFORD

and Builder." "Cement WnrlH " vtr

Every Plan Designed and Executed by a Corps of

LICENSED ARCHITECTS OF THE HIGHEST PROFESSIONAL STANDING
ASSISTED BY A STAFF OF EXPERT DRAFTSMEN

FIFTY- FIVE DESIGNS

Coveri - a *sas g» as^&jsiss Mar»aassstf ™ e

and Representative of the Best Developments in this " acuce >

New Branch of Architectural Art

THE RADFORD ARCHITECTURAL COMPANY
185 E. JACKSON BLVD.

CHICAGO, ILL 178 FULT0N STREET

NEW YORK, N. Y.

THE RADFORD ARCHITECTURAL CO.,
Chicago, III.

Radford's Garages

and How to Build Them

/% S a factor in the evolution of business and social life, the automobile, or self-
1 X. propelled power-driven vehicle, is already playing a part as spectacular and im-
portant as did its predecessor, the bicycle. While it is probable, on account of its cost,
that the automobile, for purposes of pleasure and social intercourse, will always be
classed as a " luxury" and its use confined to those who might be designated as the
"well-to-do," yet for business purposes the facilities it affords are coming more and
more to be looked upon as a "necessity" even for those of moderate means; and in
this connection it is destined to play a part of continually increasing importance as a
great modern convenience and a much-needed supplement to any business equipment.

At the present time, the increasing popularity of the motor vehicle— or "horse-
less carriage," as it was first called— is perhaps most apparent among people living
in suburban towns and in the outlying districts of the larger commercial centers; but
even in the crowded business sections it is much in evidence, and is the basis of a
distinctly new line of commercial activity— that of the erection and maintenance of
special structures for the safe housing and storing of automobiles and meeting the
fluctuations of supply and demand for the conveniences that these afford. These build-
ings are known as garages— a term of French origin— and they range from the sim-
plest type of protective enclosure to very costly structures fitted with elaborate details
of accessories and equipment.

In the following pages we illustrate nearly sixty garage designs covering many
different types of construction in wood, frame, brick, stone, cement stucco, and con-
crete, as well as various examples in which these materials are artistically and ad-
vantageously combined. The cost of constructing these buildings will, of course, vary
in different parts of the country and with varying conditions in the local market, so
that the estimated cost as indicated in each case can be regarded only as approximate.
These costs, however, have been carefully and conservatively estimated, and represent
as close an approximation to average cost conditions for materials and labor as it is
possible to make.

The small private garages range in cost from $400 to $2,000; larger private gar-
ages, up to $3,000; while the larger public garages, equipped with the latest approved
modern accessories and conveniences, run in cost from $3,000 up to $11,000.

Even a brief and hurried examination will show that the garages illustrated
embody a wide diversity of design. This is done deliberately, since taste in building
these structures is as varied as in any other field. In all cases, however, the designs

have been made with reference to convenience and economy, and no pains or expense
has been spared in their preparation.

Every design shown is the work of a skilled architect of experience, who is
thoroughly familiar with modern requirements. During the many months that this
volume has been in preparation, it has received the benefit of the most careful atten-
tion, and many designs have been rejected to make place for others that were consid-
ered better. In a word, the present collection is the best that could be secured.

The special purpose in presenting this work to the public at this time, is to make
more easy the problem of garage construction for the dweller in rural communities,
in small towns, and in cities, for there are designs here that will be found adapted
to any community.

A man who builds a garage, just as truly as one who is putting up a residence,
owes a duty not alone to his family and himself; he is under a moral obligation to the
community as well. No man has a moral right to build a structure which will be un-
worthy of the community in which he lives, or which, by its inappropriateness or utter
lack of style, will tend to depreciate the value of property in the neighborhood. In
garage building, as in all other things in which men engage, the purpose should be
improvement and betterment. So we advocate only a structure built from accu-
rately drawn plans— one having individuality of style, and harmonizing with its sur-
roundings.

No greater calamity in a material way can befall an owner than to discover,
when a structure is complete, that it is faulty in arrangement or in appearance. This
is apt to be the case with a building erected without plans. On the other hand, a
building worthy of the neighborhood is a source of constant joy and satisfaction.

Let us impress upon your mind one vital thing. NEVER build a garage without
plans to work from. It is hardly necessary to tell you that no more foolish thing is
ever done by a man than to try to build without plans, or— which is just about as
bad— from rough pencil sketches. We could show you in our files thousands of letters
from persons who have ordered plans after failing miserably in their efforts to build
without accurate drawings. Here are some of the things that happen to the man who
tries to build without plans : His structure lacks style, that peculiarly pleasing aspect
that is possible only in a building constructed from an accurate design. He wastes
materials. He wastes the time of his workmen. He wastes nervous energy in worry
over mistakes; and, when the structure is done, if it ever be, he has a monstrosity that
is a constant source of annoyance and dissatisfaction.

Every design in this volume is drawn with a faithful regard for mathematical
accuracy, and there is no error to bother the builder. It is safe to say that the saving
in materials that will result from building after any of these plans will more than pay
the price asked for them. So be sure you start right— build only from accurately
drawn plans.

Wp llliictr#itp in fhic RnnLr the perspective view and floor plansjof
WC IllUSiratC in IIIIS POOK nea rly 60 garages of various cost. In

the preparation of this work great care has been exercised in the selection of original,
practical and attractive garage designs, such as seventy-five to ninety per cent of the
people to-day wish to build. In drawing these plans special effort has been made to
provide for the most economical construction, thereby giving the home builder and
contractor the benefit of the saving of many dollars ; for in no case have we put any
useless expense upon the building simply to carry out some pet idea. Every plan il-
lustrated will show, by the complete working plans and specifications, that we give
you designs that will work out to the best advantage and will give you the most for
your money; besides every bit of space has been utilized to the best advantage.

$100.00 Plans for only $10.00 &SSSS&&*£i33&

establishment ever maintained for the purpose of furnishing the public with complete
working plans and specifications at the remarkably low price of only $7.00 to $15.00
per set. Every plan we illustrate has been designed by a licensed architect, who
stands at the head of his profession in this particular class of work and has made a
specialty of low and medium-priced houses. The price usually charged for this work is
from $75.00 to $100.00.

What We Oive You ^ e ^ rs * < i ues ti° n y° u w iu ag k i s > "What do we

d.t ty w vi vw I uli ^ j n ^j iese com pi e t e working plans and specifica-
tions! Of what do they consist! Are they the cheap printed plans on tissue paper
without details or specifications! " We do not blame you for wishing to know what you
will get for jour money.

RIiip Printer! Wnrlritio 1 PI an<z T]ae P lans we send out are the re s-

UlUCrillllCU VV Urging; r^tcUlg ular bhle printed plans, drawn one-
quarter inch scale to the foot, showing all the elevations, floor plans and necessary in-
terior details. All of our plans are printed by electricity on an electric circular blue-
printing machine, and we use the very best grade of electric blue-printing paper ; every
line and figure showing perfect and distinct.

Foundation and Cellar Plans T f his ,f •£ sh ™f the .^py™* size

oi all the walls, piers, footings,
posts, etc., and of what materials they are constructed; shows the location of all win-
dows, doors, chimneys, ash-pits, partitions, and the like. The different wall sections are
given, showing their construction and measurements from all the different points.

Floor Plans These plans show the shape and size of all rooms, halls and
, closets; the location and size of all doors and windows; the po-

sition of all plumbing fixtures, gas lights, registers, pantry work, etc., and all the meas-
urements that are necessary are given.

ElCVatlOnS ^ ^ ron *> r ^ht, left and rear elevation are furnished with all the
__^__^^«_ plans. These drawings are complete and accurate in every respect.
They show the shape, size and location of all doors, windows, porches, cornices, tow-
ers, bays, and the like; in fact, give you an exact scale picture of the house as it
should be at completion. Full wall sections are given, showing the construction from
foundation to roof, the height of stories between the joists, height of plates, pitch
of roof, etc.

Roof Plan *^ s p ^ an * s ^^^ed where the roof construction is at all intri.

^__ .»_ __ cate. It shows the location of all hips, valleys, ridges, decks, eta
All the above drawings are made to scale one-quarter inch to the foot

Details ^ necessary details of the interior work, such as door and window cas-
ings and trim, base, stools, picture moulding, doors, newel posts, bal-
usters, rails, etc., accompany each set of plans. Part is shown in full size, while some
of the larger work, such as stair construction, is drawn to a scale of one and one-half
inch to the foot. These blue-prints are substantially and artistically bound in cloth and
heavy water-proof paper, making a handsome and durable covering and protection
for the plans.

SOGClfi CatlOtm ^ ie s P e °ifi ca tions are typewritten on Lakeside Bond Linen
" paper, and are bound in the same artistic manner as the

plans, the same cloth and water-proof paper being used. They consist of twenty-two
pages of closely typewritten matter, giving full instructions for carrying out the work.
All necessary directions are given in the clearest and most explicit manner, so that
there can be no possibility of a misunderstanding.

OhSIS 0"f Contract ^ e working plans and specifications we furnish can be

made the basis of contract between the home builder
and the contractor. This will prevent mistakes, which cost money, and they will pre-
vent disputes which are unforeseen and never settled satisfactorily to both parties.
When no plans are used the contractor is often obliged to do some work he did not
figure on, and the home builder often does not get as much for his money as he ex-
pected, simply because there was no basis on which to work and upon which to base
the contract.

No Misunderstanding: Can Arise whe V f. et °? ? u £ pla + f and

a specifications is belore the con-

tractor and the home builder, showing the interior and exterior construction of the
house as agreed upon in the contract. Many advantages may be claimed for the com-
plete plans and specifications. They are time savers, and, therefore, money savers.
Workmen will not have to wait for instructions when a set of plans is left on the job.
They will prevent mistakes in cutting lumber, in placing door and window frames,
and in many other places where the contractor is not on the work and the men have
received only partial or indefinite instructions. They also give instructions for the
working of all material to the best advantage.

Free Plans for Fire Insurance Adjustment You take

* every pre-

caution to have your house covered by insurance; but do you make any provision for
the adjustment of the loss, should you have a fire? There is not one man in ten thou-
sand who will provide for this embarrassing situation. You can call to mind instances
in your own locality where settlements have been delayed because the insurance com-
panies wanted ^ some proof which could not be furnished. They demand proof of loss
before paying insurance money, and they are entitled to it. We have provided for this
and have inaugurated the following plan, which cannot but meet with favor by who-
ever builds a house from our plans.

Immediately Upon Receipt of Informa tion from y ° u tlat

has been destroyed by fire, either totally or partially, we will forward you, free of cost,
a duplicate set of plans and specifications, and in addition we will furnish an affidavit
giving the number of the design and the date when furnished, to be used for the adjust-
ment of the insurance.

Without One Cent of Cost to You f^tf^S ° T ne particle °f

,i "\ : i , -, ... ■■..,...; T-... , TTi trouble. We keep a record

of the number of the house design and the date it was furnished, so that, in time of

loss, all it will be necessary for you to do is to drop us a line and we will furnish
the only reliable method of getting a speedy and satisfactory adjustment. This may
be the means of saving you hundreds of dollars, besides much time and worry.

Our Liberal Prices ^ an ^ ^ ave m &rveled at our ability to furnish such
t excellent and complete working plans and specifica-

tion at such low prices. We do not wonder at this, because we charge but $7.00 to
$15.00 for a more complete set of working plans and specifications than you would
receive if ordered in the ordinary manner, and when drawn especially for you, at a
cost of from seventy-five to one hundred dollars. On account of our large business
and unusual equipment, and owing to the fact that we divide the cost of these plans
among^ so many, it is possible for us to sell them at these low prices. The margin of
profit is very close, but it enables us to sell thousands of sets of plans, which save
many times their cost to both the owner and the contractor in erecting even the small-
est dwelling.

*©•

Olir (jUclTcintee Perhaps there are many who feel that they are running
— _— __^^____ some risk in ordering plans at a distance. We wish to
assure our customers that there is no risk whatever. If, upon receipt of these plans,
you do not find them exactly as represented, if you do not find them complete and ac-
curate in every respect, if you do not find them as well prepared as those furnished
by any architect in the country, or any that you have ever seen, we will refund your
money upon the return of the plans from you in perfect condition. All of our plans
are prepared by architects standing at the head of their profession, and the stand-
ard of their work is the very highest. We could not afford to make this guarantee
if we were not positive that we were furnishing the best plans put out in this country,
even though our price is not more than one-seventh to one-tenth of the price usually
charged.

Bll I Of iVLaterial ^ e ^° not ^ urn ^ s ^ a bill of material. We state this here

particularly, as some people have an idea that a bill of
material should accompany each set of plans and specifications. In the first place,
our plans are gotten up in a very comprehensive manner, so that any carpenter can
easily take off the bill of material without any difficulty. We realize that there are
hardly two sections of the country where exactly the same kinds of materials are used,
and, moreover, a bill which we might furnish would not be applicable in all sections
of the country. We furnish plans and specifications for houses which are built as
far north as the Hudson Bay and as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. They are built
upon the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, and you can also find them in Australia and
South Africa. Each country and section of a country has its peculiarities as to sizes
and qualities ; therefore, it would be useless for us to make a list that would not be
universal. Our houses, when completed, may look the same whether they are built in
Canada or Florida, but the same materials will not be used, for the reason that the
customs of the people and the climatic conditions will dictate the kind and amount of
materials to be used in their construction.

Estimated COSt ** * s ^ m P° ss ^le for anyone to estimate the cost of a build-
_____ _____ ing and have the figures hold good in all sections of the

country. We do not claim to be able to do it. The estimated cost of the houses we
illustrate is based on the most favorable conditions in all respects, and includes every-
thing but the plumbing and heating. We are not familiar with your local condi-
tions, and, should we claim to know the exact cost of a building in your locality, a
child would know that our statement was false. We leave this matter in the hands
of the reliable contractors, for they, and they alone, know your local conditions.

We Wish to be Frank With You Z*J£fi£S*£££.

tiate in every respect. If a plan in this book pleases yon; if the arrangement of the
rooms is satisfactory, and if the exterior is pleasing and attractive, then we make
this claim — that it can be bnilt as cheaply as if any other architect designed it, and
we believe cheaper.

We Have Studied Economy %'g$SSSi £5 £g£f£l

qualifies us to give you the best for your money. We give you a plan that pleases you,
one that is attractive, and one where every foot of space is utilized at the least pos-
sible cost. Can any architect do more, even at seven to ten times the price we charge
you for plans?

i?evei*Qifl0* Plrlfl^ We receive many requests from our patrons for plans

^ v o exactly according to the designs illustrated, with the one

exception of having them reversed or placed in the opposite direction. It is impos-
sible for us to make this change and draw new plans, except at a cost of about eight
times our regular price. We see no reason why our regular plans will not answer
your purpose. Your carpenter can face the house exactly as you wish it, and the
plans will work out as well facing in one direction as in another. We can, however, if
you wish, and so instruct us, make you a reversed blue-print and furnish it at our reg-
ular price; but in that case all the figures and letters will be reversed, and, there-
fore, liable to cause as much confusion as if your carpenter reversed the plan himself
while constructing the house.

^iD

U/a Wfllllfl AHviQP however, in all cases where the plan is to be reversed,
¥V ^ vrumu rkuvi^^ and there ig tlie least doilbt about the contractor not

being able to work from the plans as we have them, that two sets of blue-prints be
purchased, one regular and the other reversed, and in such cases we will furnish two
sets of blue-prints and one set of specifications for only fifty per cent added to the
regular cost, making the $10.00 plan cost only $15.00.

Immediate Delivery Guaranteed S^ffSr^fS

out the same day we receive order the complete plans and specifications for any
house we illustrate. Delivery is made by express whenever possible, otherwise plans
and specifications are forwarded by mail.

PUBLISHED BY

The Radford Architectural Co.

185 E. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois

I II

Design No. G-152

SIZE: Width. 36 feet; Length, 35 feet.

First Floor Plan

Blue Prints consist of floor plan; front, rear, two
side elevations; wall sections and all necessary de-
tails. Specifications are typewritten and contain all
the information necessary for the proper construc-
tion of the building.

Second Floor Plan

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete set of
typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$15^

We mail plans and specifications the same day
order is received.

Artistic design for two-story private garage to be built of stucco. Lower floor is devoted entirely to the
storage of machines, work room, coal room and heater room. The second floor contains the living quarters for
the chauffeur. The pleasing features of this design is the wide cornices and the flower box over the front en-
trance. The estimated cost of construction is from about $2,200.00 to about $2,500.00.

Design No. G-122

Size: Width, 33 feet; Length, 22 feet

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together
with a complete set of
typewritten specifica-
tions,

ONLY

$10°°

We mail Plans and
Specifications the same
day order is received.

Blue Prints consist of
front, rear, two side
elevations; wall sec-
tions and all necessary
details. Specifications
are typewritten and
contain all the infor-
mation necessary for
the proper construc-
tion of the building.

Floor Plan

Artistic design for private garage of frame with plastered exterior. Estimated cost of construction from
about $800.00 to about $900.00.

Design No. G-102

Size: Width, 16 feet; Length, 28 feet

Blue Prints consist of floor plan;
front, rear, two side elevations; wall
sections and all necessary details.
Specifications are typewritten and
contain all the information neces-
sary for the proper construction of
the building.

GARAGE
15X27

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a com-
plete set of typewritten specifica-
tions,

ONLY
.00

$5^

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Floor Plan

Neat design for small frame garage, suitable for city lot.
$350.00 to about $400.00.

Estimated cost of construction from about

Design No. G-115

Size : Width, 40 feet ; Length, 27 feet

Blue Prints consist
of Floor Plans; front,
rear, two side eleva-
tions and all necessary
details. Specifications
are typewritten and
contain all the infor-
mation necessary for
the proper construction
of the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together
with a complete set of
typewritten specifica-
tions,

ONLY

$10^

We mail plans and
specifications the same
day order is received.

Floor Plan

Attractive design- for Concrete Garage for private estate. Sufficient room for three large machines. The
large turntable in the center*is equipped with drain. The work bench is located at the rear with closets at
the ends for the storing of supplies, etc. Estimated cost of construction from about $950.00 to about $1,050.00.

Design No. G-100

Size: Width, 36 feet; Length, 25 feet

Blue Prints consist of floor
plan; front, rear, two side ele-
vations; wall sections and all
necessary details. Specifica-
tions are typewritten and con-
tain all the information neces-
sary for the proper construc-
tion of the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten spe-
cifications,

ONLY

$6^2

We mail plans and specifica-
tions the same day order is re-
ceived.

Artistic Design for Private Garage of stone construction with accommodations for two machines.
Estimated cost of construction from about $750.00 to about $850.00.

]

Design No. G-130

SIZE: Width, 40 feet; Length, 105 feet.

TURN TABL.E

GARAGE

Floor Plan

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with complete set of type-
written specifications,

ONLY

$35^

We mail plans and specifications the same day
order is received.

Blue Prints consist of floor plan; front, rear, two
side elevations; wall sections and all necessary de-
tails.

Specifications are typewritten and contain all the
information necessary for the proper construction
of the building.

Very artistic design for public garage of brick construction. Designed especially for corner lot with dis-
play windows on both streets. Estimated cost of construction from about $4,000.00 to about $4,800.00.

Design No. G-106

Size: Width, 70 feet; Length, 37 feet.

KITCHEN
12X10

'BATH^

□

CHAMBER
12X12

CU)

CLO

LIVING ROOM

ie xi2

GARAGE

48 X 28

i 1

^_^_^--<r_ n

Blue Prints consist of Floor Plans; front, rear,
two side elevations; wall sections and all necessary
details. Specifications are typewritten and contain
all the information necessary for the proper con-
struction of the building.

Floor Plan

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete set of
typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$18:22

We mail plans and specifications the same day
order is received.

Practical design for concrete garage suitable for large private estate. The garage proper will accom-
modate four machines. At the left is located the living quarters for chauffeur consisting of living room, cham-
ber, kitchen, bath, closets, etc. The estimated cost of construction is from about $2,500.00 to about $3,000.00.

Stand

garage

38-6X78

TWRN TABLE

mmam

Design No. G-133

Size : Width, 37 feet 6 inches ; Length, 100 feet

Blue Prints consist of first and sec-
ond floor plans; front, rear, two side
elevations; wall sections and all neces-
sary details. Specifications are type-
written and contain all the information
necessary for the proper construction
of the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a com-
plete set of typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$35^2

We mail Plans and Specifications the
same day order is received.

First Floor Plan

GARAGE
36-6X78

Second Floor Plan

Attractive design for large city garage, two story, of brick construction, both floors being devoted to the
storing of machines. Wash stand and workroom on each floor. Estimated cost of construction from about
$5,000.00 to about $5,500.00.

■ -AJ-v. ■.. ■ ..

Design No. G-lll

SIZE: Width, 40 feet; Length, 38 feet.

First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

Price of Blue Prints, together with complete set
of Typewritten Specifications,

ONLY $20^22

_ We mail Plans and Specifications the same day order
is received.

Blue Prints consist of first and second floor plans;
Front, Rear, two-side elevations; wall sections and all
necessary details. Specifications are typewritten and
contain all the information necessary for the proper
construction of the building.

lililllillfllllllfW

Design No. G-134

SIZE : Width, 37 feet ; Length, 50 feet.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
comolete set of typewritten
specifications,

ONLY

$15^

We mail plans and specifica-
tions the same day order is re-
ceived.

Blue Prints consist of floor
plan; front, rear, two side eleva-
tions; wall sections and all nec-
essary details.

Specifications are typewritten
and contain all the information
necessar" for the proper con-
struction of the building.

Floor Plan

Neat and attractive design for brick garage, suitable for city or village. Has turn-table in the center, while
the wash-stand and work-room are located in the rear, leaving the balance of the floor space free for the stor-
age of machines. Estimated cost of construction from about $2,000.00 to about $2,500.00.

mm:.mmMMm

Design No. G-135

Size: Width, 40 feet; Length, 90 feet

"ool

Blue Prints consist of floor
plan; front, rear, two side eleva-
tions; wall sections and all nec-
essary details. Specifications are
typewritten and contain all the
information necessary for the
proper construction of the build-
ing.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with < a
complete set of typewritten specifi-
cations,

ONLY

$25^

We mail Plans and Specifica-
tions the same day order is re-
ceived.

Floor Plan

Very pleasing design for small public garage of brick construction, with office and tool room located at the
left, and large work room in the rear. Estimated cost of construction from about $3,300.00 toTbour^OO 00

...

- .■ .1.-

m^&-.

■■-■:

Design No. G-150

SIZE : Width, 34 feet ; Length, 24 feet.

Blue Prints consist of floor
plans; front, rear, two side ele-
vations; wall sections and all
necessary details. Specifications
are typewritten and contain all
the information necessary for
the proper construction of the
building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten spe-
cifications,

ONLY

$12^

We mail plans and specifica-
tions the same day order is re-
ceived.

Floor Plan

Attractive design for small private garage of brick construction with stone trimmings. The garage proper
is 22 feet square and will accommodate at least two machines. At the right is man's room with closets, bath,
etc. Estimated cost of construction from about $1,200.00 to about $1,350.00.

Design No. G-140

SIZE: Width, 36 feet; Length, 28 feet.

GARAGE
30-0X26 6

Blue Prints consist of floor plan;
front, rear, two side elevations;
wall sections and all necessary
details.

Specifications are typewritten
and contain all the information
necessary for the proper construc-
tion of the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten speci-
fications,

ONLY

$8:22

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Floor Plan

Attractive design in stucco for private garage with accommodations for two machines. At one side is
located the work bench and on the opposite sides are four closets to be used for storing supplies, tools, etc.
Estimated cost of construction from about $750.00 to about $850.00.

Design No. G-108

Size: Width, 40 feet; Length, 25 feet

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete set of type-
written specifications,

ONLY

[.00

Floor Plan

$8:22

We mail plans and specifications the same day
order is received.

Neat design for private garage of frame covered with stucco. Will accommodate three machines. Large
turntable in center. Bench and tool room located at either side of entrance. Estimated cost of construc-
tion from about $900.00 to about $1,000.00.

Design No. G-118

Size: Width, 43 feet; Length, 23 feet

Floor Plan

Blue Prints consist of floor plan; front, rear, two
side elevations; wall sections and all necessary de-
tails. Specifications are typewritten, and contain
all the information necessary for the proper con-
struction of the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete set of type-
written specifications,

ONLY
.00

$&22

We mail Plans and Specifications the same day
order is received.

Attractive Old English design for Frame Garage, adaptable for city or suburbs. The garage proper is
located in the center with sufficient room for two machines, and a large turntable with drain. At the left
is located sleeping quarters for the chauffeur or care taker, and at the right the tool room and work bench.
Estimated cost of construction from about $1,000.00 to about $1,100.00.

PRICE

of Blue Print, to-
gether with a com-
plete set of type-
written specifica-
tions,

ONLY

$6^2

We mail Plans
a n d Specifications
the same day order
is received.

Design No. G-110

Size: Width, 38 feet; Length, 25 feet

Blue Prints con-
sist of floor plan;
front, rear, two
side elevations; wall
sections and all
necessary details.
Specifications are
typewritten and

contain all the in-
formation necessary
for the proper con-
struction of the
building.

Floor Plan

Practical and inexpensive design for small private garage of stucco. There is sufficient room for two ma-
chines. Large turntable with drain in center. Work benches are located at either side with closets for stor-
ing supplies, tools, etc. Estimated cost of construction from about $650.00 to about $700.00.

Design No. G-109

Size: Width, 20 feet; Length, 27 feet

BENCH

CLOS.

Blue Prints consist of floor
plan; front, rear, two side eleva-
tions; wall sections and all neces-
sary details. Specifications are
typewritten and contain all the in-
formation necessary for the prop-
er construction of the building.

GARAGE.

19 X 23-6

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten speci-
fications,

ONLY

ktJ

$5^2

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Floor Plan

$600.0o! Vate ^^^ ^ Missi0n St ^ le of stucco " Estimated cost of construction from about $500.00 to about

Design No. G-132

SIZE: Width, 50 feet; Length, 125 feet.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete
set of typewritten specifications,

ONLY
.00

$4(*

We mail olans and specifications the
same day order is received.

•ASH STi SD

TORN TABIUE

i J

]

Blue Prints consist of floor plan; front,
rear, two side elevations; wall sections
and all necessary details. Specifications
are typewritten and contain all the in-
formation necessary for the proper con-
struction of the building.

Floor Plan

Attractive design for large city garage of brick construction with cut stone trimmings. Turn-table in cen-
ter and wash stand located at the rear, near work room. Estimated cost of construction from about $4,500.00 to
about $4,750.00.

Design No. G-131

SIZE: Width, 36 feet; Length, 125 feet.

Blue Prints consist of floor plan; front,
rear, two side elevations; wall sections and
all necessary details. Specifications are
typewritten and contain all the information
necessary for the proper construction of
the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete set
of typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$35^

We mail plans and specifications the
same day order is received.

Floor Plan

Practical design for public gara-e for city, Material used is brick, with cut stone trimmings, which adds
considerably to the appearance of the building Estimated cost of construction from about $3,800 00 to about
$4,000.00. f

Design No. G-120

Size : Width, 30 feet ; Length, 38 feet

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together
with a complete set of
typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$1&22

We mail plans and spe-
cifications the same day
order is received.

First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

Blue Prints consist of first and second floor plans; front, rear, two side elevations; wall sections and all
necessary details. Specifications are typewritten and contain all the information necessary for the proper con-
struction of the building.

Neat and practical design for small private garage of brick construction, with living quarters above. The
first floor is arranged so that it can accommodate three machines and is equipped with turntable with center
drain. The second floor contains living room, kitchen, bed room, bath, closets, etc. The estimated cost of con-
struction is from about $2,200.00 to about $2,500.00.

Design No. G-105

Size: Width, 36 feet; Length, 46 feet

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with com-
plete set of typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$10^

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

□

WORK ROOM

1 ' ' !

i 18X21

□

Blue Prints consist of floor plans;
front, rear, two side elevations; wall
sections and all necessary details.
Specifications are typewritten and
contain all the information necessary
for the proper construction of the
building.

GARAGE

O
34X22

"1
1

m *

^ i

l
l
1
i
1
1

i
i

1 •
/ i

" i

*v 1

1
!
t
1
1
l
i

Floor Plan

Misson Design for garage of concrete construction, with accommodation for three machines in front por-
tion of the building. Large turntable with drain located right in the center. In the rear there is a large
workroom with benches and closets at either side. Estimated cost of construction from about $1,800 to about
$2,000.00.

Blue Prints
consist of floor
plans; front, rear,
two side eleva-
tions; wall sec-
tions and all nec-
e s s a r y details.
Specifications are
typewritten and
contain all the
information nec-
essary for the
proper construc-
tion of the build-
ing.

PRICE

of Blue Prints,
together with a
complete set of
typewritten spe-
cifications,

ONLY

We mail plans
and specifications
the same day or-
der is received.

Design No. G-117

SIZE: Width, 44 feet; Length, 29 feet.

Floor Plan

Unique design for private garage of brick construction. The garage proper will accommodate two ma-
chines, and has a large turntable with drain in center. The open garage at the right is intended for temporary
use to protect machine from the elements, or can be used for guests' machine. Back of the open garage is
located the tool room and work bench. Estimated cost of construction from about $1,250.00 to about $1,350.00.

Design No. G-116

SIZE : Width, 36 feet ; Length, 24 feet.

i r

GARAGE

I °"l
26-6X21-6

I I

I >

Floor Plan

1 BENCH |

TOOL

/ RM.
6X7

IClOB,

MANS
10

OOM
L3-6

Blue Prints consist of
floor plan; front, rear,
two side elevations; wall
sections and all necessary
details. Specifications are
typewritten and contain
all the information neces-
sary for the proper con-
struction of the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together
with complete set of type-
written specifications,

ONLY

$10^

We mail plans and
specifications the same
day order is received.

Neat design for private garage of brick construction. Will accommodate two machines and has a large turn-
table with drain in center. At the right is sleeping room for chauffeur or care taker. Also a fair sized room
for the storing of tools, supplies, etc. Estimated cost of construction from about $800.00 to .bout $900.00.

Design No. G-125

SIZE: Width, 14 feet; Length, 25 feet.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten speci-
fications,

ONLY

$5^2

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Blue Prints consist of floor plan;
front, rear, two side elevations;
wall sections and all necessary de-
tails. Specifications are typewrit-
ten and contain all the informa-
tion necessary for the proper con-
struction of the building.

Floor Plan

Inexpensive frame garage, suitable for city or suburbs. Estimated cost of construction from about $400.00

to about $450.00.

Design No. G-113

SIZE: Width, 20 feet; Length, 24 feet.

Blue Prints consist of first and second floor plans;
front, rear, two side elevations; wall sections and
all necessary details. Specifications are typewritten
and contain all the information necessary for the
proper construction of the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete set of type-
written specifications,

ONLY

$8:22

We mail plans and specifications the same day
order is received.

First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

Design for small frame garage, with accommodations for two machines on lower floor Tn the .«i
there is one large room for man 25 ft. long by 8 ft wide, and a storage room 8 T by 1 "ft Ft \,
cost of construction from about $850.00 to about $950.00. 7 *' Estimated

|CL.

i —

1 1

i *
\ :

Design No. G-114

SIZE: Width, 30 feet; Length, 45 feet.

Blue Prints consist of first and second
floor plans; front, rear, two side eleva-
tions; wall sections and all necessary de-
tails. Specifications are typewritten and
contain all the information necessary
for the proper construction of the build-
ing.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete
set of typewritten specifications,
ONLY

$15^

First Floor Plan

We mail plans and specifications the
same day order is received.

Pleasing design for private garage of
brick construction, suitable for city. The
lower floor will accommodate three ma-
chines in addition to having work room
and tool room. It is also equipped with
turntable. The second floor is arranged
for living quarters, having three living
rooms, two chambers, bath, closets, etc.
Estimated cost of construction from
about $2,800.00 to about $3,000.00.

Second Floor Plan

Design No. G-129

SIZE: Width, 60 feet; Length, 125 feet.

Blue Prints consist of first and second floor
plans; front, rear, two side elevations; wall sec-
tions and all necessary details. Specifications
are typewritten and contain all the information
necessary for the proper construction of the
building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete set of
typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$50^

We mail plans and specifications the same day Sj

order is received.

First Floor Plan Second Floor ^

Modern design in brick for two-story public garage for large city. Both floors being used for the
storage of machines. The turntables are conveniently located in the center and the wash stands in the
rear on each floor. Provision has been made for two elevators, one in the front and the other in the rear
of the building. Estimated cost of construction is from about $9,500.00 to about $11,000.00.

'. . •

Design No. G-127

SIZE : Width, 14 feet ; Length, 24 feet.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten speci-
fications,

ONLY

$5™

We mail plans and specifications
the same clay order is received.

Floor Plan

Combination frame and plaster design, for small private garage.
$450.00 to about $500.00.

Estimated cost of construction from about

Design No. G-104

SIZE: Width, 25 feet; Length, 30 feet.

Blue Prints consist of
floor* plan; front, rear, two
side elevations; wall sections
and all necessary details.
Specifications are typewrit-
ten and contain all the in-
formation necessary for the
proper construction of the
building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with
a complete set of typewrit-
ten specifications,

ONLY

$6^

We mail plans and speci-
fications the same day order
is received.

Floor Plan

Concrete garage in Mission style, with accommodations for two machines,
tion from about $700.00 to $800.00.

Estimated cost of construc-

W'l,

Design No. G-124

SIZE: Width, 16 feet; Length, 23 feet.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten speci-
fications,

ONLY

$5^

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Small private frame garage of

Colonial style. Estimated cost of

construction from about $375.00 to
about $450.00.

i . . ! s| T7|

Design No. G-137

SIZE : Width, 27 feet, 6 inches ; Length, 27 feet, 6 inches.

Blue Prints consist of
floor plan; front, rear,
two side elevations; wall
sections and all neces-
sary interior details.

Specifications are type-
written and contain ail
the information neces-
sary for the proper con-
struction of the building.

Bench

Tool Case

GARAGE
20-6X26 6

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together
with a complete set of
typewritten specifi-
cations,

ONLY

$6^

We mail plans and
specifications the same
day order is received.

Floor Plan

Artistic design for a frame garage for private use. Large double doors in front with glass panels and
windows on all sides. In the rear are located the work bench and tool case. Estimated cost of construction
from about $550.00 to about $675.00.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, to-
gether with a com-
plete set of type-
written specifica-
tions,

ONLY

$6™

We mail plans
and specifications
the same day order
is received.

Design No. G-123

SIZE: Width, 35 feet; Length, 23 feet.

Blue Prints con-
sist of floor plan;
front, rear, two side
elevations; wall sec-
tions and all neces-
sary details. Speci-
fications are type-
written and contain
all the information
necessary for the
proper construction
of the building.

Floor Plan

Old English design in stucco, for orivate garage with accommodations for two machines. Estimated cost
of construction from about $700.00 to about $750.00.

Design No. G-119

SIZE: Width, 51 feet; Length, 27 feet.

Floor Plan

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete set of type-
written specifications,

ONLY

$10^

We mail plans and specifications the same day
order is received.

Neat design for private garage of stucco. Will accommodate three machines and has large turntable
with drain. The w^ork benches are located at either side of the entrance. Estimated cost of construction
from about $1,100.00 to about $1,200.00.

;

PRICE

of Blue Prints, to-
gether with a com-
plete set of type-
written specifica-
tions,

ONLY

$10^

We made plans
and specifications
the same day order
is received.

Design No. G-136

SIZE : Width, 35 feet ; Length, 30 feet.

MAN'S RM
13-0X8 6

GARAGE
31X22

WASH

Blue Prints con-
sist of floor plan;
front, rear, two side
elevations; wall se-
lections and all nec-
essary details.
Specifications are
typewritten and con-
tain all the informa-
tion necessary for
the proper con-
struction of the
building.

Floor Plan

Handsome design for private garage of stucco. A pleasing feature of this design is the small windows on
four sides. The projecting wall under windows provides room for a continuous row of cupboards and closets to
be used for storage purposes. Estimated cost of construction from about $1,000.00 to about $1,200.00.

Design No. G-107

SIZE: Width, 31 feet; Length, 25 feet.

Blue Prints consist of
floor plan; front, rear,
two side elevations; wall
sections and all necessary
details. Specifications are
typewritten and contain
all the information neces-
sary for the proper con-
struction of the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together
with a complete set of
typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$6^

We mail plans and spe-
cifications the same day
order is received.

Floor Plan

Attractive design in stucco for private garage, with accommodations for two machines. Estimated cost of
construction from about $800.00 to about $900.00.

Design No. G-139

SIZE: Width, 27 feet; Length, 33 feet 6 inches.

Bench

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together
with a complete set of
typewritten specifications,

ONLY

WORK RM
8-0X10

$8£2

We mail plans and
specifications the same
day order is received.

MANS RM.
12-9X10-0

GARAGE
26X22

Blue Prints consist of
floor plan; front, rear, two
side elevations; wall sec-
tions and all necessary de-
tails. Specifications are
typewritten and contain all
the information necessary
for the proper construc-
tion of the build ins?.

Floor Plan

Neat and attractive design for a frame garage that will accommodate two machines, in addition to man's
room, work room, etc. Estimated cost of construction from about $700.00 to about $800.00.

kn No. G-112

SIZE: Width, 27 feet; Length, 25 feet.

Blue Prints consist
of floor plan; front,
rear, two side eleva-
tions ; wall sections and
all necessary details.
Specifications are type-
written and contain all
the information neces-
sary for the proper
construction of the
building.

BENCH

GiABAG
6X24

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together
with a complete set of
typewritten specifica-
tions,

ONLY

$5^2

We mail plans and
specifications the same
day order is received.

Floor Plan

Practical design for private garage of frame construction with accommodation for two machines,
mated cost of construction from about $650.00 to about $700.00.

Esti-

Design No. G-143

SIZE: Width, 25 feet; Length, 36 feet.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten spe-
cifications,

ONLY

$10^2

We mail plans and specifica-
tions the same day order is re-
ceived.

Blue Prints consist of floor
plan; front, rear, two side ele-
vations; wall sections and all
necessary details. Specifications
are typewritten and contain all
the information necessary for
the proper construction of the
building.

Floor Plan

Doric design in stucco for small private garage. Very handsome entrance with massive columns at either
side. Estimated cost of construction from about $800.00 to about $900.00.

--■...^..ySiii-S:^^""""

Design No. G-149

SIZE: Width, 23 feet; Length, 19 feet.

CloB.

Tools

Blue Prints consist of floor
rdan; front, rear, two side
elevations; wall sections and
all necessary interior details.

Specifications are typewrit-
ten and contain all the infor-
mation necessary for the
proper construction of the
building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with
a complete set of typewrit-
ten specifications,

ONLY

$8:22

We mail plans and specifi-
cations the same day order
is received.

Floor Plan

Handsome design in brick for small private garage, with accommodation for one machine. Located at
side is the man's room. The wide cornice with the hanging brackets produces a very pleasing effect,
estimated cost of construction is from about $700.00 to about $750.00.

one
The

Design No. G-144

SIZE: Width, 16 feet; Length, 30 feet.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a com-
plete set of typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$8:2°

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Blue Prints consist of floor plan:
front, rear, two side elevations; wall
sections and all necessary details.
Specifications are typewritten and
contain all the information necessary
for the proper construction of the
building.

Floor Plan

Classic design in brick for small private garage to accommodate one machine. The colonial columns at
either side of the entrance and the small latticed windows on the sides makes it a very pleasing and attractive
design. Estimated cost of construction from about $500.00 to about $550.00.

Design No. G-128

SIZE: Width, 21 feet; Length, 23 feet.

Blue Prints consist ui
floor plans; front, rear, two
side elevations; wall sections
and all necessary details.
Specifications are typewrit-
ten and contain all the in-
formation necessary for the
proper construction of the
building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with
a complete set of typewrit-
ten specifications

ONLY

$5^

We mail plans and speci-
fications the same day order
is received.

Floor Plan

Neat design in stucco for small private garage with work benches running full length of side walls Esti
mated cost of construction from about $500.00 to about $550.00.

Design No. G-142

SIZE: Width, 37 feet; Length, 33 feet.

Blue Prints consist of floor plan;
front, rear, two side elevations;
wall sections and all necessary de-
tails. Specifications are typewrit-
ten and contain all the information
necessary for the proper construc-
tion of the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten speci-
fications,

ONLY

$10^

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Spanish design in brick and stone
for private garage with provision
for three machines. Large turn-
table with drain located in the cen-
ter of garage proper. Located at
the rear with entrance from the
garage is a tool room, well lighted
on three sides, and work bench
under windows. Estimated cost of
construction from about $850.00 to
about $950.00.

Floor Plan

■■

Design No. G-126

SIZE: Width, 16 feet; Length, 22 feet.

Blue Prints consist of floor plans;
front, rear, two side elevations;
wall sections and all necessary de-
tails. Specifications are typewrit-
ten and contain all the informa-
tion necessary for the proper con-
struction of the building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten speci-
fications,

ONLY

$5^2

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Floor Plan

Very attractive Mission design in stucco for small private garage,' Estimated cost of construction from
about $450.00 to about $550.00.

Design No. G-146

SIZE: Width, 17 feet; Length, 32 feet.

PRICE

Df Blue Prints, together with

complete set of typewritten speci

fixations,

ONLY

$10^

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Blue Prints consist of floor plan;
front, rear, two side elevations;
wall sections and all necessary
details.

Specifications are typewritten
and contain all the information
necessary for the prober construc-
tion of the building.

Floor Plan

Handsome design for private garage of stucco. The garage proper is 16 ft. by 19 ft. and opening off of it
is a small repair room with work bench and tool closet and also a storage room for oil. A pleasing feature
of this particular design is the stucco seats at either side of the entrance. The window box under the side
windows allows for the planting of vines and flowers and will add materially to the beauty of the build-
ing. Estimated cost of construction from about $800.00 to about $900.00.

Design No. G-103

SIZE: Width, 18 feet; Length, 28 feet.

Blue Prints consist of floor plan;
front, rear, two side elevations;
wall sections and all necessary in-
terior details.

Specifications are typewritten
and contain all the information
necessary for the proper construc-
tion of the building.

Neat design for small private garage of stucco, with
$450.00 to about $500.00.

Floor Plan

tile roof.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten speci-
fications,

ONLY

$5^2

We mail plans and specifica-
tions the same day order is re-
ceived.

Estimated cost of construction from about

Design No. G-151

SIZE: Width, 17 feet; Length, 21 feet.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with
a complete set of typewritten
specifications,

ONLY

$8:

We mail plans and speci-
fications the same day order
is received.

Blue Prints consist of floor
plan; front, rear, two side
elevations; wall sections and
all necessary details.

Specifications are typewrit-
ten and contain all the in-
formation necessary for the
proper construction of the
building.

Floor Plan

Chinese design for small private garage to be built of stucco with tile roof. Estimated cost of construc-
tion from about $600.00 to about $700.00.

Design No. G-148

SIZE: Width, 17 feet; Length, 22 feet.

Blue Prints consist of floor
plan; front, rear, two side ele-
vations ; wall sections and all
necessary details. Specifications
are typewritten and contain all
the information necessary for
the proper construction of the
building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten spe-
cifications,

ONLY

$5-22

We mail plans and specifica-
tions the same day order is re-
ceived.

Floor Plan

Artistic design in frame for small private garage for the storage of one machine. The corners are parti-
tioned off into small closets for the safe keeping of oils, tools, supplies, etc.,. while the work bench is located
at one side. On the opposite side there is an opening into the yard so that it is not always necessary to use
the large double doors in front. Estimated cost of construction from about $400,00 to about $500.00.

Design No. G-153

SIZE: Width, 30 feet; Length, 40 feet.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a
complete set of typewritten spe-
cifications,

ONLY

$10^

We mail plans and specifica-
tions the same day order is re-
ceived.

Blue Prints consist of floor
plan; front, rear, two side ele-
vations; wall sections and all
necessary details.

Specifications are typewrit-
ten and contain all the infor-
mation necessary for the proper
construction of the building.

Floor Plan

on thf linl TnTdHV ^J*™^ bmh on a lot Iine for the ™e of two separate families, with driveway
on the line In addition to the space necessary for the storage of the machines and the too) closets and
work benches, provision has been made for sleeping quarters for chauffeurs or care-takers The est mated
cost of construction is from about $1,500.00 to about $1,700.00. ' estlm ated

i 1 <,ImJ| ?> m

Design No. G-138

SIZE: Width, 26 feet, 9 inches; Length, 24 feet.

GARAGE

24-9 22-0

PRICE

of Blue Prints, to-
gether with com-
plete set of type-
written specifica-
tions,

ONLY

We mail plans and
specifications the
same day order is
received.

Floor Plan

Handsome design in concrete for private garage, with accommodation for two machines,
of construction from about $600.00 to about $700.00.

Estimated cost

Design No. G-154

SIZE: Length, 23 feet; Length, 33 feet, 6 inches.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a com-
plete set of typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$10^

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Blue Prints consist of floor plan;
front, rear, two side elevations; wall
sections and all necessary interior
details.

Specifications are typewritten and
contain all the information necessary
for the proper construction of the
building.

Floor Plan

Very artistic design for private combined garage and stable to be built of stucco. In addition to the space
required for the machine, carriage, stall, etc., provision has been made for man's room, bath, closets, etc. An
attractive feature of this design is the porch effect obtained by the overhanging roof and the seat at right of
entrance. The estimated cost of construction is from about $1,000.00 to about $1,200.00.

Design No. G-147

SIZE : Width, 13 feet, 6 inches ; Length, 21 feet, 6 inches.

Tools

Blue Prints consist of floor plan;
front, rear, two side elevations; wall
sections and all necessary details.

Specifications are typewritten and
.contain all the information necessary
for the proper construction of the
building.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with com-
plete set of typewritten specifications,

ONLY

$8:22

We mail plans and specifications
the same day order is received.

Floor Plan

Neat but inexpensive design for small private garage to be built of brick, the roof to be constructed of tin.
Estimated cost of construction from about $600.00 to about $700.00.

...

Design No. G-155

SIZE: Width, 43 feet; Length, 35 feet.

First Floor Plan

PRICE

of Blue Prints, together with a complete set of type-
written specifications,

ONLY

$18:™

Second Floor Plan

Blue Prints consist of first and second floor plans;
front, rear, two side elevations; wall sections and all
necessary details. Specifications are typewritten and
contain all the information necessary for the proper
construction of the building.

We mail plans and specifications the same day
order is received.

Novel design for large private garage, to be built of frame. The garage proper will accommodate four ma-
chines. At the right is located the man's room, closet, work room and bench, while in the attic are located the
gymnasium, bath and store room. The estimated cost of construction for a design of this kind is from about
$2,500.00 to about $3,000.00.

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Design No. G-101

SIZE: Width, 32 feet; Length, 21 feet.

PRICE

of Blue Prints, to-
gether with a com-
plete set of type-
written specifica-
tions,

ONLY

$6^2

We mail plans and
specifications the
same day order is
received.

Floor Plan

Unique design for private garage of stucco with accommodations for two machines. Located at the left is
a tool room with work bench running the entire length of the room. Estimated cost of construction from about
$650.00 to about $700.00.

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Floor-Plan of Garage.

SECTIONAL DIAGRAM AND FLOOR-PLAN SHOWING METHOD ADOPTED IN TRANSFORM-
ING AN OLD WOOD-FLOOR BARN INTO A GARAGE.
For views of the structure before and after conversion, see opposite page.

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Barn before Conversion into Garage.

Final Appearance of Structure.

VIEWS ILLUSTRATING TRANSFORMATION OF AN OLD WOOD-FLOOR BARN

INTO AN UP-TO-DATE GARAGE.
For details of construction see opposite page.

Design No. G-121

SIZE: Width, 75 feet; Length, 34 feet.

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Floor Plan

PRICE

of Hlue Prints, together with a complete set of type-
written specifications,

ONLY

$30^2

We mail plans and specifications the same day
order is received.

Unique design in bungalow effect for brick garage for large private estate. In the center is located the
man's room and the work room and on either side the garage proper, provision being made for the accommoda-
tion of two machines on each side. The attic in the center can be used for storage purposes. Estimated cost
of construction from about $2,600.00 to about $2,750.00.

Garage Construction

£"OMMON SENSE should prevail in the
^■" construction of garages, just as truly
as in any other line of intelligently di-
rected activity. And yet we know of in-
stances where a stable costing $2,000 or
upward is used to house a one-hundred-
dollar horse, while a $5,000 automobile is
committed to the protection— or rather
the counterfeit pretense of protection-
afforded by a flimsy wooden shack that of-
fers no obstruction to vandalism or the
ever-present danger of a catastrophe of
fire.

On account of the necessity of storing
gasoline, oil, and other combustible mater-
ials, a garage— especially if built entirely
of wood— is peculiarly exposed to the dan-
gers of fire either as a result of careless-
ness on the part of the chauffeur or other
help in the storing of materials, the handl-
ing of lights, tools, etc. ; from spontaneous
combustion; or, as often happens, from the
spread of fire from outside conflagrations.
Special precaution should therefore be
taken to provide against the danger by
adopting a material and type of construc-
tion that will reduce the risk to a minimum.
The increase of safety is a consideration
that will far more than offset the small ex-
cess of cost in a substantially fireproof
structure as compared with the ordinary
flimsy shed that is liable to burn at any
moment.

Automobile owners are beginning to real-
ize this, and are demanding that all the
conditions of safety as well as economy
and convenience shall be met in the plans
from which their garages are built. In all
the designs illustrated in these pages, this
fact has been kept constantly in mind.

WOODEN FRAME GARAGES-On ac-
count of its tendency to absorption of
water, oils, and other liquids, and its nat-

urally inflammable character, the use of
wood for garage construction is not to be
recommended unless special precautions in
the shape of protective coverings are taken
to minimize the fire risk. An oil-soaked
floor will quickly rot rubber fires; and,
moreover, the increasingly high cost of
lumber and of the skilled labor necessary
for good, substantial construction, as well
as the constantly recurring costs of main-
tenance and repairs, renders this form of
construction expensive in the long run as
compared with the use of other and more
efficient materials, such as cement stucco
or monolithic or block concrete.

MASONRY GARAGES-A very sub-
stantial garage, either large or small, can
be built of brick or stone masonry; and
these materials offer a wide range of op-
portunity for following out color schemes
and other details of artistic embellish-
ment. They also, of course, can easily be
made to meet all the requirements of fire-
proof construction. As a general rule,
however, they are comparatively expensive
—especially stone masonry; and outside of
the question of harmonizing with other
structures already occupying a place in
their surrounding environment, they offer
no special advantages that are not avail-
able at lower cost through the use of con-
crete in some form or other.

CONCRETE GARAGES-On the whole,
the most satisfactory fireproof building
material for garage construction, is found
in Portland cement concrete. Its advan-
tages are based on its marvelous strength
and durability: its absolutely fireproof
character; its adaptability to all sorts of
structural conditions and combinations; its
simplicity combined with dignity and sta-
bility of appearance; its ease of harmonious
adjustment to varying environment, lend-

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

ing itself readily to all schemes of orna-
mentation; the facility with which it can
be kept clean; and— last, but not least-
its relative cheapness.

There are several ways of using concrete
in garage construction, each of which will
give good results, the preferable method
to use being determined largely by local
conditions, such as the supply of skilled or
unskilled labor and the quality of material
most readily available. Simple one-story
garages can be constructed without diffi-
culty under the direction of a good fore-
man; but for the more elaborate buildings
and those of more than one story, the skill
of the architect or engineer thoroughly fa-
miliar with concrete construction should be
enlisted. This is especially essential when
reinforced concrete floors are to be built.

In the construction of concrete garages
there are five ways in which concrete can
be satisfactorily used. In some instances,
two or more of these methods have been
combined in the same structure. The five
methods are indicated by the following
headings :

(1) Plain Mass Concrete.

(2) Eeinforced Concrete.

(3) Concrete Block Work.

(4) Concrete Hollow Tile.

(5) Stucco Work.

In the case of stucco work, the cement
mortar is plastered directly on wire lath
or expanded metal, which is stretched over
the supporting frame, the latter consisting
either of wooden stud framework or of a
built-up framework composed of iron pipe
with threaded ends and connections.

GENERAL WORKING RULES-It is
as true in concrete work as in any other
form of construction, that to insure a first-
class job, the materials that are to be used
should be selected with great care. They
should also be carefully proportioned so as
to give great density and strength to the
concrete, and should be very thoroughly

mixed, and properly placed.

The reader will find in Volume V of
''Radford's Cyclopedia of Construction/'
fully detailed instructions as to the selec-
tion and proportioning of cement and ag-
gregates (sand and gravel or crushed
stone) for concreting purposes, and as to
the proper methods of mixing and deposit-
ing concrete. These instructions are writ-
ten in the simplest and plainest English,
and summed up in practical working rules
and tables, absolutely free from technical
terms or mathematical formulae, and yet
giving all the practical instruction neces-
sary for meeting any of the problems that
can arise in this connection.

The following brief rules should be con-
stantly borne in mind in making the con-
crete :

fa) Use clean, coarse sand; broken
stone, or clean, screened gravel; and a
standard quality of Portland cement.

(b) Make sure that the concrete is thor-
oughly mixed, to insure a perfect coating
of the aggregates with the cement paste,
and a thorough elimination of voids or air-
spaces in the mixture.

(c) See that sufficient water is added to
produce a mushy mixture, to prevent the
imprisonment of air-bubbles and insure a
compact mixture.

(d) See that the concrete is used before
it gets its initial set— that is, inside of 20
to 30 minutes after the cement has first
been wet.

The selection of the aggregates (sand
and broken stone or gravel) will play an
important part in the appearance of the
finished work ; and where a particular shade
or color is desired, it is recommended that
a sample batch of concrete be made, using
exactly the material that is to be used in
the work.

MASS OR REINFORCED CONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION - Mass concrete - by
which is meant solid concrete, built in place

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

between temporary wooden forms — is a
most durable and substantial type. Floors
may be built of the same material, but must
be properly reinforced with steel.

First excavate a trench for the Avail foot-
ing, some depth below the frost line and
six inches wider than the proposed wall,
and fill to within eight inches of the ground
level with concrete— 1 part Portland ce-
ment, 3 parts clean, coarse sand, and 6

and thawing all material should be heated,
including the cement and the water, to fully
80 degrees F., and as soon as deposited
must be covered and kept warm until thor-
oughly set. In hot weather, concrete should
be kept covered, sheltered from the sun as
much as possible, and continually wet
down. You cannot give concrete too much
water after it has set.

For a one-story garage the walls need

C/ecrfe

Forms for Mass Concrete.

parts broken stone or gravel. After the
concrete is sufficiently hard to withstand the
weight, build the forms for the proposed
wall on the center of the footing, and fill
with concrete— 1 part Portland cement, 2
parts clean, coarse sand, and 4 parts broken
stone or gravel— using a stable or coal fork
to work the large pieces of aggregate away
from the surface, letting the mortar and
fine material through, so as to make a dense
smooth, hard surface. The forms for the
walls may be taken off in 48 hours in warm
weather, but should remain longer if the
weather is cool. In cold weather concrete
may be handled with excellent results, but
to prevent injury from alternate freezing

not be over eight inches thick. For a two-
story building, make the first story ten
inches thick and the second story eight
inches thick. After the forms are in place
it is desirable to smear their inner surface
with petroleum (crude vaseline), soft soap
or other similar material, to prevent the
concrete adhering to the forms and being
disfigured when the latter are removed.
After the forms are taken down, and before
the surface of the concrete has dried out,
the board marks should be removed by rub-
bing the surface with carborundum brick
and washing down with clean water. This
method is superior to applying a wash of
any kind. A piece of hard sandstone will

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

do for this rubbing, but the carborundum
will work faster and cut cleaner.

For mouldings, panels, projections or re-
cesses, corresponding moulds should be
made in wood and set up rigidly with the
wooden form work, and filled simultaneous-
ly with the rest of the walls.
' It is best to fill entire sections of the
wall in one operation, stopping only at a
moulding or other horizontal line, as it is
difficult to bond concrete masses when the
earlier masses have already set, and the
line of cleavage between masses of concrete
deposited at different times is likely to
show permanently.

If a wall is to be stuccoed it would be
desirable to reduce the quantity of sand
and allow more or less honeycombing to
appear on the surface of the work, to give
an additional bond to the mortar. It is
also desirable to wait a month or so after
the concrete has been poured before apply-
ing stucco to a concrete wall.

In the application of reinforced concrete
to garage construction it is customary to
confine the reinforcement to a skeleton
frame, as it w^ere, of reinforced concrete,
with uprights sixteen to eighteen feet
apart, and the panels between the uprights
filled in with solid mass concrete or with
concrete blocks or tile. The use of blocks
or tile gives a very attractive building,
which has also the advantage of greater
economy than the solid construction.

Where special decorative effects are de-
sired, much can be done by using a facing
consisting of a fine mixture of light-colored
cement and variously colored sand and ag-
gregates, such as crushed granite, or
marble, or variously tinted pebbles. After
the concrete has reached a proper hard-
ness, the face of the work may be tooled, so
as to bring out the texture of the facing
mixture, stonecutter's tools being used for
this purpose. If the colored aggregates
do not contain limestone, a wash of dilute

acid may be given to clean off the cement
from the surface of the aggregates and em-
phasize the color scheme. This may be
done any time after removal of the forms,
and should be followed with an alkaline
wash to neutralize the free acid and prevent
the etching process being carried too far.
Finally the surface should be thoroughly
washed with water.

Colored mineral pigments are also used
in decorative schemes, and ornamentation
is also secured by the insertion of mosaic
work of colored stones, or of terra-cotta, or
colored tile.

For the overhead covering the most
economical construction that conforms to
the requirements of safety will be a wooden
roof covered with tiling, slate, or asbestos,
and sealed on the under side with a ceiling
of cement mortar laid one-half inch thick
on expanded metal or wire mesh securely
wired or stapled to the supporting rafters
or joists.

CONCRETE HOLLOW TILE CON-
STRUCTION—A form of wall construction
that has been found economical and satis-
factory in some parts of the country con-
sists in the use of concrete hollow tile.
These are obtainable in various shapes and
sizes and can be laid up rapidly and effi-
ciently by any brickmason. In the body of
the wall they should, of course, be laid
breaking joints, and so as to give a series of
practically continuous -air spaces.

A footing should be laid, extending three
inches on each side of the proposed wall and
from eight inches to ten inches in thick-
ness. This footing should be carried below
the frost line, as in mass construction. The
tiles, which are to be had, usually, ten
inches wide and eight inches high, should
be laid on top of this footing and carried
up to ground level or above. If the load is
not too heavy, the smaller tile— 6 by 8
inches — may be laid up for the rest of the
wall. In the corner tile the cells run ver-

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

tically instead of horizontally, and these
tile may be used in combination with the
regular wall tile for the purpose of turning
corners and working around doors and win-
dow jambs.

If a two-story building is required, it is
advisable to fill the corner tiles with con-
crete and reinforce the piers thus formed
with steel bars. It will also be found ad-
visable to carry the 8 by 10-inch tile up to
the level of the under side of the beams
and use the smaller tile for the second
story.

With concrete hollow tile a wide varia-
tion in methods of construction is possible.
In floor construction an excellent fireproof
floor can be obtained by using corner tile
for the floor fillers, with poured ribs of
solid concrete between.

For the exterior finish of a concrete
hollow tile wall, stucco can be employed to
advantage. It will adhere readily, provid-
ed the wall is thoroughly wet when the
stucco is applied. As the stucco has the
same constituents and the same coefficient
of expansion as the tile, little difficulty will
be experienced from its cracking as the re-
sult of expansion and contraction due to
variations of temperature under the action
of the weather. This trouble is frequently
experienced where stucco is applied over
terra-cotta tile.

CONCRETE BLOCK CONSTRUC-
TION— Concrete blocks have the advan-
tage of being obtainable almost anywhere,
and they will do excellent and economical
service, provided they are well made. This
condition is an absolute essential to their
successful or satisfactory use, since if the
mixture of ingredients is not well propor-
tioned and thoroughly compacted, so as
to give a practically waterproof block, they
will not only be deficient in strength, but
are apt to show a constant tendency to ab-
sorption of moisture, with the consequent
inconveniences and dangers of damp walls.

If, on the other hand, the blocks are prop-
erly made and laid up, they afford a per-
fectly satisfactory wall, and the liability
to the troubles above referred to becomes a
negligible quantity.

Concrete blocks are generally made with
rock face or finished surfaces, and conse-
quently do not necessarily require any sur-
face treatment or stucco.

There are many types of blocks on the
market, such as one-piece solid and hollow
blocks, and two-piece blocks. The solid
blocks usually call for furring and lathing
on the inside ; but the hollow and two-piece
blocks, if properly made, obviate this ne-
cessity by the provision of air-spaces.
Other things being equal, a wall made of
two pieces will naturally tend to be supe-
rior to a wall made of one piece, as the one-
piece blocks, unless made from a wet mix-
ture, are not likely to be so water-tight as
the two-piece type, and the wall is conse-
quently more likely to be damp if made of
one-piece blocks. By using a facing mater-
ial of a very rich mixture, however, and a
rich, dense mixture throughout, very good
weatherproof blocks can be made. Sills
and lintels may be cast in wooden forms
to fit window and door openings.

Concrete blocks should be laid as cut
stone, and any good foreman is competent
to superintend the work. If desired, a
stucco exterior finish may be applied, in the
same manner as in the case of hollow con-
crete tile.

STUCCO ON IRON PIPE FRAME-
WORK— In localities where material for
making concrete is scarce, and where an
owner finds an object in avoiding the ex-
pense of solid concrete construction, an
economical and very efficient form of con-
struction is found in the use of Portland
cement stucco on wire mesh or expanded
metal stretched over and securely stapled
or wired to a supporting framework of
wood studding or iron pipe. The stapling

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

should not hold the metal lathing abso-
lutely rigid, but should allow of a little
play to counteract the effects of expansion
and contraction and prevent the formation
of cracks.

The use of iron pipe gives a frame the

wall itself should be twelve inches thick,
built between suitable plank forms. Mix.
the concrete for the wall and footing in the
proportion of 1 part good Portland cement,
2 parts clean, coarse sand, and 5 parts
gravel or broken stone. Use sufficient

Courtesy of Atlas Portland Cement Company
Diagram of Pipe Frame Garage

materials for which can readily be had and
which is simply put together. The frame-
work is set in a base of concrete.

The method is simple and at the same
time is applicable to variation and decora-
tion so as to meet all practical require-
ments and make an artistic structure.

FOOTING WALLS - Excavate and
build a footing wall from the surface of the
ground to below the frost line. Provide a
footing under the wall six inches thick, ex-
tending three inches on either side. The

water to make a soft concrete, and puddle
into place until forms are thoroughly filled,
flush to the top.

Before the concrete has set, imbed, along
the center line of the wall, pipe
dowels eight inches long, threaded to re-
ceive the standards AA, as shown in the
accompanying drawing. If angles are used
in place of piping, the dowels should be
large enough to let the angles down inside
so that cement mortar made of 1 part good
Portland cement to 2 parts of sand may be

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

poured down into the dowels to hold the
angles rigidly in place.

The details of the frame, should, of
course, be laid out carefully in the work-
ing drawings, and all dimensions deter-
mined. The local gasfltter or blacksmith
can then get out main structural parts and
assemble them, only light tools being nec-
essary in either case. For a pipe frame,
use 2y 2 -inch galvanized uprights, spaced
not more than 5 feet on centers, and iy 2 -
inch galvanized horizontals about 4 feet
apart. The frame, having been set up, fas-
ten on the studs DD of %-inch by ^-inch
flat iron bent around the horizontal pipe
and stretched well into place. The studs
should not be more than 16 inches on cen-
ters.

Metal lath should be laced to the studs
DD, tied on well with No. 16 wire. There
are a number of kinds of lath on the mar-
ket, some of which are ribbed and pro-
vided with clips or fasteners to take the
place of wiring. Any of these will do, but
it is essential that the ratio of opening in
the lath be large as compared with the
area of metal. Wire mesh, expanded met-
al, and the like, are best for walls of this
kind. Wherever the mortar is to be car-
ried around the pipe frame, as at the edge
of the eaves, carry the metal lath well
around and wire firmly.

In pipe frame construction, three coats
of stucco will be required to make a good
wall finishing about iy 2 inches thick, two
coats being applied outside, and one, a fin-
ishing coat, inside, a single layer of metal
being used.

Small lV2-inch channel-iron frames,
punched with li/4-inch holes and provided
with bolts, should be set around all door
and window openings, to receive a wooden
buck to which the door or window frame
■may be fastened. This should be done be-
fore stucco is applied.

After the scratch coat (see specifications

for stucco, given below) has been applied
to roof, and before second coat is put on,
set 2-inch by 1-inch beveled wooden strips
running parallel with the eaves, and wire
firmly. The spacing will depend on the
kind of roofing to be used, whether slate,
asbestos, tile, etc. After the strips are set,
fill flush on the top with mortar mixed 2Y 2
parts sand to 1 part good Portland cement.

If desired, many elaborate and beautiful
effects may be secured by the introduction
of panels or borders in tile, mosaic, or even
pebbles and field stones. Frames of wood
of required outline and thickness should
be wired to the lathing and the stucco work
finished. After the wall is hard, remove
the wooden frames carefully and fill the
panels by grouting in the tile or other or-
nament, as desired.

Small angle-iron may be substituted for
the pipe frame, the angle irons being cut to
the proper length, riveted together, and set
up in the same manner as for the pipe
frame. The furring, metal lath, stucco,
etc., will be applied in the same manner as
described.

STUCCO ON WOOD STUD FRAME-

A still cheaper method of construction con-
sists in the use of a framework of wood, 2
by 4-inch wooden studs 16 inches on cen-
ters, with bridging between, being used in
place of the pipe or angle-iron frame.
Staple the metal lath on to the wooden
studs, but have the stapling loose enough
to allow a certain amount of play between
the lath and the stud.

Use two coats of stucco on the outside,
and apply one coat inside between the 2 b>
4-inch studding. A neater appearing in-
terior can be had, and the garage made
more fireproof, by lathing and stuccoing
the interior in the same manner as the ex-
terior, but in place of making a rough
finish the finished coat should be floated
smooth.

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

SPECIFICATIONS FOR STUCCO
WORK— The following instructions re-
garding the methods of making and apply-
ing stucco should be carefully followed in
the actual work of construction :

Stucco work may be used to cover wood,
brick, stone, or any other building material,
provided special precautions are taken in
preparing the surface properly, so that it
will adhere and not crack or scale off. The
work should be done by an experienced
plasterer.

As a rule two coats are used — the first,
a scratch coat, composed of 5 parts Port-
land cement of standard quality, 12 parts
clean, coarse sand, and 3 parts slaked lime
putty and a small quantity of hair ; the sec-
ond, a finishing coat, composed of 1 part
Portland cement of standard quality, 3 or
even 5 parts clean, coarse sand, and 1 part
slaked lime paste. Should only one coat
be desired, the finishing coat is used. Some
masons prefer a mortar in which no lime is
used, but this requires more time to apply.

To apply stucco to brick or stone or
concrete, clean the surface of the wall
thoroughly, using plenty of clean water, so
as to soak the wall If the surface is con-
crete, roughen it by picking with a stone
ax. Plaster with a iy 2 -inch coat and finish
the surface with a wood float ; or, to make
a rough surface, cover the float with bur-
lap. Protect the stucco work from the sun
and keep it thoroughly wet for three or
four days ; the longer it is kept wet the bet-
ter.

In using stucco on a frame structure, first
cover surface with two thicknesses of roof-
ing paper. Next put on furring strips
about one foot apart, and on these fasten
wire lathing. Apply the scratch coat %
inch thick, and press it partly through the
openings in the lath, roughing the surface
with a stick or trowel. Allow this to set
well and apply the finishing coat y 2 inch
to 1 inch thick. This coat can be put on and

smoothed with a wooden float, or it can be
thrown on with a trowel or large, stiff-
fibered brush, if a spatter-dash finish is de-
sired. A pebble-dash finish may be obtained
with a final coat of 1 part good Portland
cement, 3 parts clean, coarse sand, and peb-
bles not over i/i inch in diameter, thrown
on with a trowelr.

DRAINAGE AND FOUNDATIONS-

The kind of foundation which may be used
for any particular building depends partly
upon the nature of the building, and also
partly upon the character of the soil or the
site upon which it is built.

We might classify soils as wet or porous
and dry or solid ; but in this case we shall
divide the sites into two classes— those
which can well be drained and those which
cannot.

For even though the soil be firm and dry,
we should not expect to erect much of a
building, especially a garage, without mak-
ing some provision for draining away the
water which may be expected to be present
at times. And, on the other hand, we may
have to deal with a wet, porous soil and a
site where there is a quantity of water;
yet it may be that by well-arranged drains
this can be made an excellent building site.

In draining a building site the main
points are to get the drains sufficiently
deep, have enough of them, and have them
connected to an outlet of ample size and
with a good fall.

When we attempt to lay down a floor on
soil which is wet, or on sites where, for
any reason, drainage is impracticable, we
must plan to make the construction water-
proof. This is not a difficult matter, pro-
vided we are not unduly scrimping as to
the expenses.

A few inches, more or less, of good con-
crete, with which some waterproofing is
combined, is generally sufficient. Then, in
some cases, asphalt and felt are used.

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

In the case of ordinary outbuildings,
small barns, etc., very little attention is
usually given this matter of foundations
and waterproofing, It is common practice
to place them on a few abutments or piers,
or to lay a low, dry wall. This will do in
some cases for the garage, on a dry soil;
but where the soil is porous and spongy
it becomes a problem how to secure a good
foundation at a reasonable expense. Per-
haps as good a way as any is to excavate

and build concrete piers which shall extend
below the main wall. These piers should
be reinforced vertically and may be made
thicker than the rest of the wall.

For small, light buildings, good founda-
tions have been secured by digging a trench
a foot or more deep and of the same width,
and at the corners and at other points in
the trench, say each side of the door open-
ings, a hole is bored down with a post auger
to a depth of ten feet below the trench.

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a trench of good width and depth, propor-
tionate to the size and weight of the build-
ing, and build a good concrete wall.

This wall should be reinforced, both for
strength and for economy. One horizontal
rod on each face for each foot in height will
generally be about right.

It is well to excavate somewhat deeper
at each corner and at intermediate points,

Cedar posts are driven into these holes and
cut off at the proper height to receive the
sill. Forms are then set upon each side
of the trench a foot high, and the trench,
the holes around the posts, and the forms
filled with concrete. The sills are spiked
to the posts, which are set so as to be a
few inches from the face of the wall. Such
a foundation will prove very satisfactory.

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

TRUSSES FOR GARAGE ROOFS

The garage should be so designed and
constructed as to have a perfectly free
and unobstructed space on the ground
floor. Posts would be very much in the
way. This applies particularly to the
larger garages, where a number of cars are
kept. With these it becomes quite a prob-
lem how to design the roof of wide span

struct ion of a steel plate girder of sufficient
size to furnish the required strength and
stiffness in this case. These were placed
12 feet on centers and carried on cast-iron
plates built into the brick wall, the walls
having a pilaster built under each end of
the girder.

Although it is rarely safe to build a
building of this character without provid-

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so that it can be supported entirely at the
side walls. Also, if there are living rooms
above, or lodge rooms, as in some public
garages, the problem of supporting this
additional weight without center posts be-
comes rather serious.

One such building recently constructed
is 40 feet wide and 60 feet long. The lower
story is used for a garage and the second
story for a lodge room. This floor will
sometimes be used for dancing, and so it
was necessary to have the construction
very rigid.

The accompanying figure shows the con-

ing one's self first with complete plans,
prepared by a thoroughly competent archi-
tect, still a few suggestions relative to light
truss construction and a few typical truss
designs may prove helpful.

For a trussed roof of medium span, say
32 feet, having a pitch or rise of 10 inches
in 12, the dimensions given in the accom-
panying sketch are to be recommended:
For either a slate or shingle roof, a pitch
or rise of 10 inches in 12 is both economical
and pleasing in appearance. A steeper
pitch is not objectionable, except that it in-
creases the length of rafters and conse-

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

quently the cost. These dimensions are
about as small as should be used for
trusses spaced fourteen feet on centers, and
supporting a plastered ceiling. If there is
no ceiling, and nothing to be supported but

probably answer, but it should be rein-
forced under the trusses by a four by
twenty-one-inch pilaster.

PLANK-FRAMED TRUSS-A plank-
framed truss is very popular where an in-

inexpensive Plank=Framed Truss

the roof, the truss rafters and tie-beam
may be made six by six, and the rods re-
duced to five-eighths and seven-eighths
inches. The tie-beam should be in one
piece thirty-four feet long.

Another of the illustrations shows a de-

expensive truss is wanted for a medium
span.

The accompanying diagram shows a
built-up roof-truss of satisfactory, and at
the same time of cheap construction for
such a purpose. Wind and snow load on a

Cheap Lattice Truss for Broad Span.

tail for support on posts. If supported by
a brick wall, the construction will be
slightly modified as shown in the former
instance. If the garage is one or two
stories in height, a twelve-inch wall will

roof of this kind is a factor that has to
be considered. This truss will prove amply
safe for a 40-foot span. They should be
set in 16-foot bents. The expensive large
dimension timbers are not used, the dif-

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

ferent members being built up of 2 by 10-
inch and 2 by 12-inch pieces, spiked to-
gether to break joints as specified on the
drawing.

A LATTICE TRUSS -A cheap truss for
broad spans is the lattice truss, built up
out of light timbers, which can be had in
any lumber yard. It is easily constructed.
Such a truss for 60-foot span, is shown in
one of the illustrations herewith. These
trusses are to be placed 10 or 12 feet
apart with 2 by 6-inch rafters placed on
the curve, as shown. The roof boards are
nailed to these rafters, and can be covered
with almost any roofing material. It is
taken for granted, of course, that the joints
in this, as well as in any form of truss,
should be tight, with perfect bearing at all
parts, and well nailed.

Such a truss as this acts itself as a tie,
requiring no rods to keep the walls from
spreading. The same principle may be
used equally well for narrower spans. -

TRUSS FOR FLAT ROOF-Still an-
other of the cuts shown herewith illustrates
the first of a series of trusses for a flat roof.
These are to be placed 14 feet apart, in-
creasing in height toward the front of the
building to give proper slope to the roof.

GARAGE FLOORS OF CONCRETE—
The details of floor construction for ga-
rages are practically the same as for the
construction of sidewalks — a footing or
sub-base of lean concrete, a base of me-
dium concrete, and a top or finish surface
of very rich concrete floated smooth.

The reader will find in Badford's Cyclo-
pedia of Construction (Vol. VI, pp. 160-
175) full and explicit instruction covering
every necessary detail of sidewalk con-
struction. We reproduce here some of the
more important features.

CEMENT-In all sidewalk work, Port-
land cement is used. In small jobs it is
only necessary to secure cement from a rep-
utable manufacturer; but where the quan-

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tity of work will justify, it is advisable to
have the cement tested. The standard
methods for testing, adopted by the Amer-
ican Society of Civil Engineers, should be
used, and the cement should comply with
the Standard Specifications for Cement of

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

the American Society for Testing Mater-
ials. These testing methods and specifica-
tions will be found in Volume V of Bad-
ford's Cyclopedia of Construction.

AGGREGATES -The first requisite in
the selection of the stone for the concrete is
cleanliness. This is absolutely essential to
strength in the concrete. In selecting an
aggregate, the character of the surfaces
presented by the particles should always
receive close attention; these must be hard
and permanent. A covering of any fine ma-
terial will interfere with the cement or
mortar getting into contact with the sur-
face of the aggregate, and the strength will
be reduced proportionately. An excellent
precaution in this respect is to avoid the
use of dirty materials.

Some experimenters found that certain
sands gave better strength with the addi-
tion of 10 or 15 per cent of finely divided
clay than when tested without the clay.
This, however, is no argument in favor of
dirty materials. The addition of a small
percentage of finely divided clay might be
permissible when the clay is treated as a
separate material, while even a much
smaller quantity naturally occurring in the
aggregate might make it wholly unfit for
concrete purposes.

In order to obtain the best results, the
aggregates should be well graded; that is,
they must not contain an excess of one-size
particles, and must contain but a small
percentage of fine particles. In the case
of stone, the material will usually be quite
satisfactory, provided the stone in itself is
hard and durable and not affected by ex-
posure to the elements, and provided it is
prepared and marketed under conditions
which assure its being clean and free from
a covering of dust or other matter.

Some stone, though apparently quite
hard, presents a chalky surface with which
it is impossible for the cement to form a

perfect bond. Stone of this character
should be avoided, for it cannot possibly
produce good concrete.

In sand and gravel, one is dealing with
entirely different materials, but materials
probably to be preferred to stone and
screenings, when selected with sufficient
care. The use of sand and gravel is very
popular, owing to the ease with which they
are obtained in many localities. Where
these materials are readily secured, they
are frequently used as they come from the
deposit, with little or no thought given to
their fitness for the work in hand. The
character of the materials which are some-
times used in concrete is surprising. Ag-
gregates should always be firm and hard,
and should remain so when exposed in-
definitely to the weather. It is quite com-
mon to find a considerable quantity of shaly
pebbles in some of the glacial sands and
gravels of the upper Mississippi Valley.
These pebbles are not strong in the first
place; and they disintegrate readily when
exposed to the elements. They also ab-
sorb water readily when used in concrete,
and expand under the combined action of
moisture and frost, injuring the concrete to
a greater or less extent. Though the effect
of the soft sand grains is not so apparent
as is the effect of the larger pebbles, such
sand cannot possibly produce first-class re-
sults if the shaly particles form any con-
siderable portion of the sand content. In
the territory referred to, it is not unusual
to find sidewalks badly pitted and marred,
as a result of the disintegration of this
shaly material. These shaly particles are
undesirable, because they are both weak
and unstable. A concrete can never be
stronger than the material making up the
aggregate.

The size of the sand grains and the rela-
tive proportion of grains of different size,
have a very marked effect on the value of

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

the sand. At least 75 per cent of a sand
should be retained on a 40-mesh sieve, with
the particles well distributed between that
size and the size passing a 4-inch sieve,
with an increasing proportion on the
coarser sieves. Such a sand will have much
less total surface than one composed of
equal proportions of particles on the sev-
eral sieves. A sand made up entirely of
fine particles will present a very much lar-
ger surface which must be covered with

used for the concrete in the proportion of
one part cement to four parts aggregate.

The general quality of this material was
fairly good, though it will be noted that
only 2 per cent of it could be considered
gravel. No particles found in the sample
were larger than Y 2 inch. The computed
voids in the sand were 33 per cent ; measur-
ed by displacement, 29 per cent. The mix-
ture of 1 cement to 4 sand, therefore, was
out of balance, the cement not being suffi-

Sand

Analysis

Weight of Sample — 500 Grams

Measured

and

Computed

Voids

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B
o
p

Specific
Gravity

Percentage Retained on Sieve No.

Through
No.

100

200

2.0

15.6

14.8

17.8

11.2

5.4

27.6

2.2

3.8

1.0%

29.2

33.2

2.614

cement, than either of the sands above
mentioned For instance, the total super-
ficial surface of a given volume of spheres
one-sixty-fourth inch in diameter is sixteen
times the surface of the same volume of
spheres one-fourth inch in diameter. As
the making of a first-class concrete necessi-
tates the perfect covering of every particle
of sand with cement, and every particle of
the coarser aggregate with the cement-
sand mortar, it is apparent that materials,
with an excess of fine particles should be
avoided. The same line of reasoning is ap-
plicable to the combined aggregate in the
concrete.

Occasionally one sees a mixture of ce-
ment and sand used for the concrete base
in sidewalk construction, and cannot help
being impressed with the fact that the user
fails to appreciate the requisite of a good
concrete.

In the accompanying table will be found
a physical analysis of a material taken
from a sidewalk job, in which it was being

dent to fill the voids. Not only did this
volume of sand contain more voids than the
cement could fill, but the excess of fine ma-
terial detracted from the value of the sand
as it was being used, because it presented a
very much larger surface than the cement
could possibly cover.

Size of Aggregate. Aggregates exceed-
ing 1% inches in diameter should not be
used. Undoubtedly there are many grav-
els which would give good results, though
containing larger sizes; but this limit is
safe and the one most often applied to this
class of work. The lower limit, y 4 inch,
which is also the upper limit for sand and
stone screenings, is almost universally ac-
cepted.

Unscreened Gravel. In many districts,
unscreened gravel (gravel as it comes from
the bank containing both coarse and fine
particles) is used. This practice should
be avoided, as such material usually con-
tains a large excess of sand, and would be
much improved if screened and the proper

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

proportions of fine and coarse particles re-
mixed. The increased value of the re-
mixed aggregate over the natural material
would more than justify the additional ex-
pense. The case referred to in the table
illustrates this point quite clearly.

FOUNDATION OR SUB-BASE The
foundation must provide a permanent bed
for the walk, and serve as a means for dis-
posing of water which would otherwise
accumulate under the walk. In many lo-

the available outlets, etc. In some cases
stone-filled trenches, properly placed at in-
tervals along the walk, will provide ade-
quate drainage, while in other cases a tile
drain will be necessary.

Material. The material to be used foi:
the foundation or sub-base of a walk will
depend to a great extent upon the locality
in which the work is contemplated. The
builder can best determine from the ma-
terials available which one is the most

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Details of Sidewalk Construction

calities, a well-constructed sub-base will
offer sufficient drainage; but in some soils
and under some conditions additional
drainage is necessary.

Drainage. If water is allowed to accu-
mulate in the sub-base, there is danger of
the walk being heaved by frost. There-
fore, in soil where the sub-base and the nat-
ural drainage cannot take care of the
water, other drainage should be provided.
The best means of supplying this addi-
tional drainage will depend somewhat upon

satisfactory and economical. The one
chosen must be of such a character as to
withstand the tamping, without crushing
to the extent that it will prevent proper
drainage. Steam cinders are commonly
used for the sub-base; and if the fine ma-
terial is eliminated, they afford a solid
foundation and provide excellent drainage.
FORMS — In general, wood will be used
for the forms, though thin strips of metal
will be found convenient in forming curved
lines. Also, the use of a metal cross-form

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

or parting strip will be a guarantee against
defects arising from imperfect joints or ex-
pansion. The cross-form should be made
of %-inch metal, with stiff eners of the same
thickness on the ends and top. Wedges
are to be driven from the outside into the
%-inch clearance space between the
wooden side forms and the metal cross-
form. Ready-made parting strips of spec-
ial patented type are now on the market.

The wooden forms should be constructed
of clean lumber free from warp, and at
least 2 inches thick by about 5 inches wide.
Surfaced lumber has advantages, but its
use is not necessary.

In placing the side forms along the line
of the walk, care should be taken to main-
tain a good alignment, and they should be
leveled so as to conform with the finished
grade.

Providing for Surface Drainage of Walk.
The form nearest the street should be
slightly below the inside form, thus pro-
viding a drain which will prevent water
from collecting on the walk. The side
forms should be securely staked, the stakes
alternating on either side about every two
feet. If the special metal cross-form is
used, fewer stakes will answer, for when
the form is keyed into position, it is rigidly
fastened and holds the outside forms in
their proper relative position. Wooden
cross-forms need only be held in place by
stakes on the opposite side from which the
concrete is to be deposited. When the con-
crete is being placed, a shovelful or two
will hold the cross-forms firmly until it is
tamped into position.

When wooden cross-forms are used, the
location of the joints should be definitely
determined and plainly marked on the side
forms before any concrete is placed. The
cross-forms should be placed so that the
face against which the concrete is to be
packed is in line with the points indicating
the position of the joints.

Providing for Expansion Joints. About
every 50 feet one of the wooden cross-forms
should be replaced by a metal parting
strip, which should be left in the walk un-
til it is opened to traffic, when it will be
removed, and the opening thus produced
filled with paver's pitch or other suitable
material. This forms an expansion joint,
which insures the walk against cracking.
This precaution is also necessary when a
new walk abuts curbing or other cement or
stone walk.

SURFACE TREATMENT-The surface
treatment which a walk receives depends
largely upon the practice in the community
in which the work is being done. The
smooth, steel-trowel finish is probably the
most common and at the same time the
poorest finish used. Such a finish fre-
quently results in crazing or hair-cheeking
of the surface, which is due to nothing
more than a slight contraction which takes
place in the film formed on the surface by
the steel trowel. Besides the smooth finish
showing every little blemish and variation
in color, it is much more slippery than any
of the other finishes.

The wooden-trowel finish is growing in
popularity, and certainly has many points
in its favor. The brush finish is similar to
the wooden-trowel finish, but it requires
an additional tool, and one that can be
used for no other purpose. The finishes
that are produced by special tools, like the
tooth-roller, etc., have little to commend
them. They are in no way superior to the
rough finish produced in a simpler manner,
and do not harmonize so well with the
usual surroundings.

Marking. There might possibly be some
chance for argument regarding surface fin-
ish, but certainly surface marking will not
permit of any. The position of the joints
between the blocks should be determined
before the base is placed, and provided for
in the construction. Positive joints should

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

always be provided in the base of the walk.
These are the real joints, and the markings
in the top should always occur over them.
It is not sufficient to make a surface mark-
ing, together with a feeble effort toward
cutting through the base with a small
trowel or similar instrument. More walks
are disfigured by failure on the part of the
builder to provide proper joints than by
any other cause.

Size of Block. The size and shape of the
blocks into which a walk is divided are
governed very largely by the width of the

necessary angles; in fact, so far as possible,
all blocks should be rectangular. Also the
joints in new work, abutting old, should
always be projected from the joints in the
original work, unless a distinct open joint
is provided between the new and the old.

YIELD OF ONE BARREL OF PORT-
LAND CEMENT- A barrel of Portland ce-
ment should contain 380 pounds net, or
three and one-half cubic feet. One opera-
tor states that if work is well tamped, a
barrel will yield the following:

Cement Sand Gravel

Concrete course i l 6

Top course , 3 5

Concrete course 1 1 6

Top course 3 5

Concrete course 1 1 6

Top course 3 5

Concrete course 1 1 6

Top course 3 5

Concrete course 1 1 6

Top course 3 5

Concrete course 1 1 6

Top course 3 5

Thickness

Per Bbl.

3 inch
1 inch

f 52 sq. ft.

4 inch walk

3| inch
f inch

- 55 sq. ft.

4 inch walk

3i inch
1 inch

► [49 sq. ft.

4£ inch walk .

4 inch

1 inch

- 42 sq. ft.

5 inch walk ,

4J inch
if inch

■ 31 sq. ft.

6 inch walk

6i inch
l| inch

- 24 sq. ft.

8 inch walk

walk, the local practice, and personal
tastes. Other points, however, should be
considered; in fact, local practice and per-
sonal tastes should be eliminated entirely
when walks on business streets are being
constructed. Where the whole space be-
tween the building line and the curb is to
be covered, many angles and irregular lines
are introduced, owing to openings, steps,
etc. Steps should never be constructed
over a joint; nor should a joint ever be per-
mitted to intersect a step (excepting at a
joint), unless the walk and step are con-
structed entirely independent of each
other. Joints between the blocks should be
placed so as to avoid small corners and un-

CAUSES OF DEFECTS-Frozen con-

crete surfaces have the appearance of be-
ing spotted. A surface frozen before the
concrete has set, scales off easily. Paper,
tarpaulin, or clean sand can be used to
prevent freezing. Good cement work can
be done in freezing weather by using warm
water, warm sand, and gravel, and protect-
ing the material from freezing.

Sunburned surfaces have the appearance
of over-burned clay. Good results can be
secured in hot weather by covering with
canvas.

Poorly mixed cement surfaces look
streaky when set. Dirty streaks are
caused also by the use of unclean materials.

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

By using too much water in the top mix,
the cement is washed out, and a good union
between the top and concrete is not ob-
tained. The surface coat is also prevented
from adhering by dirt or by weak concrete.

Insufficient tamping makes the work por-
ous and weak. The top surface should be
laid before the under concrete is set.

Over-troweling the surface coat causes
hair-cracks and work that is slippery,
rough, and wavy.

Cracks are caused by poor mixing, by too
much tamping, by shocks in the early
stages of setting, by poor concrete, by
walking on scantling when work is new, by
making the blocks too large for the thick-
ness of the work, by roots of trees growing
under the walk, or by not cutting work
through at joints to allow for expansion.

Pock marks are caused by improper
floating before marking. Rain on the
work before the top has set, also causes
pock marks.

Sloughing off is caused by insufficient ce-
ment, poor mixing, or the use of poor ma-
terial.

Too much water causes honeycombed
and streaky work, and also is apt to pre-
vent a good bond between the top and base.
Insufficient water will affect the strength
of the concrete.

ASPHALT FLOORS— In some cases, for
elaborate and expensive garages, an as-
phalt floor is used. The following are com-
plete specifications for the proper laying
of such a floor as specified by one of the
well-known asphaltum companies:

MASTIC AND FLUX- The asphalt mas-
tic to be used shall be that produced by
* * *. The asphaltic cement or flux must
not be less than 99 per cent pure bitumen,
shall be absolutely waterproof and unaf-
fected by extremes of temperature.

PROCESS OF MIXING-Four hundred
and eighty (480) pounds of mastic blocks
shall be broken up in small pieces, weigh-

ing about two pounds each, thrown into
kettle, and, before the fire is started, about
5 per cent of the pure asphaltic cement or
flux shall be added, for mix in a room of or-
dinary temperature, 70 degrees. In rooms
of high or lower temperature, percentages
of asphaltic cement shall be used according
to these temperatures; this mix is then
cooked to a temperature of about 400 to
430 degrees F., being brought to this tem-
perature gradually, or until it reaches the
proper consistency.

To this mix shall be added about 75 to
85 per cent hot, clean torpedo grit, after
first being heated and dried, in such pro-
portion that the desired results may be ob-
tained. The mixture must be stirred until
the full amount of grit is incorporated

PROCESS OF LAYING FLOORS V/ 2
INCHES THICK-Floors should be laid
in two layers, each % inch in thickness.
This heated mixture shall then be laid
evenly in strips of about 8 feet wide (or
such widths as to reduce the number of
joints), using a strip of wood % inch thick
by 3 inches wide, laid parallel with the wall,
for a guide.

This bottom layer shall not be rubbed
smooth, but simply massed evenly. Great
care should be taken that no dirt is allowed
to accumulate before the second layer is
laid over it.

After two strips of the bottom have been
laid, a second layer % inch thick shall be
placed over same; but this time wooden
strip shall be placed 7 feet from wall, so
that each joint in the layer will overlap
joint in first layer about one foot. This
layer must be rubbed smooth as fast as it
is laid, using fine lime, sandstone dust, or
cement on the surface while rubbing.

When this strip of floor is laid, remove
the wooden strip and place it about 7 feet
from the edge of the floor just laid, to re-
ceive the next section. When laying sec-
ond section, hot mastic mixture must ex-

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

tend over first section about 4 inches, so
that edge of cold section will become soft,
thus making a perfect bond between sec-
tions. Cut off surplus material and rub
joints thoroughly.

Floors one inch thick should be laid in
one layer.

When laid on wood, floors should be

WORKMANSHIP -All work to be done
in a thoroughly workmanlike manner.

GUARANTEE -The work will be guar-
anteed for 5 years that it will be absolutely
waterproof, and that floor will be in good
condition at 'the end of that time, if sub-
jected to ordinary wear and tear.

CONSTRUCTION OP GARAGE

wmmmmssssm®

Section Section.

How to Make a Heavy Door for a Garage

made as clean and dry as possible, then
covered with two thicknesses of building
paper or one layer of waterproofing felt

WATERPROOFING OF WALLS AND
POSTS— All walls and posts should be

DOORS— Large-size garage doors that are
strong and rigid, yet do not take up too
much room in thickness, are the kind most
wanted.

The accompanying illustrations show

Framing'oflSHding Doors

painted with two coats of * * * as-
phaltum paint, from 3 to 6 inches above the
floor line.

FILLET— After floors have been finished
put fillet 3 inches around all walls and
posts.

two sectional drawings with elevations
suitable for this use. The first is made of
three thicknesses of boards, as shown. The
center is of %-inch boards, placed vertical-
ly, and %-inch ceiling, placed diagonally
on both sides, covering the whole space and

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

WMWMWMIWl

VWJ//M/////S/JA

Fig. A. Safe Truss Construction over Wide Door Opening

Arrangement for a Wide Sliding Door for a Small Garage

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

well nailed. This will make a door 2y s
inches thick.

The second is made of two 1%-ineh
pieces for the framework, lapped and
screwed together. The panel work is made
of %-inch ceiling, cut in and nailed with a
stop-mould to cover the nailheads. All the
laps and joints should be painted with
white lead paint. This will make a door
214 inches thick.

OPENING FOR SLIDING DOORS In
the accompanying sectional diagram is
shown the proper construction for sliding
doors, the framing being correct for either
single or double doors.

The drawing shows the arrangement for
single door to slide only one way. There is
a little pocket in the jamb on the lock side
to admit getting the door in and out. This
pocket can be concealed, as shown in the il-
lustration, by setting in a piece of same
thickness as the jamb and covering the
joints with the stops. At the top, it is a good
idea to let the top of the door be about an
eighth of an inch below the stop, which
should be wide enough to extend in close to
the hanger, thus hiding the unsightly open-
ing in the head jamb that would otherwise
show when the door is open.

TRUSS OVER DOOR OPENING-Fig.

A shows good construction of the framing
above a wide door opening where the roof
or ceiling joists run at right angles with
the door opening. The truss may be omit-
ted where the joists run parallel to the
door, but it is a good idea to put in the
double joist at the head of the opening as
it furnishes an excellent bearing on which
to fasten the track.

INGENIOUS DOOR ARRANGEMENT
FOR SMALL GARAGE-A small garage
that is only large enough to house an auto-
mobile must have a door almost as large
as one end of the building. Frequently it
is desired to hang such a door on rollers,

but the width of the small garage would
not allow for a track of sufficient length to
hang an 8-foot door in the usual manner.
Instead of having one large door, two 4-
foot doors can be made and hinged to-
gether, as shown in the accompanying
figure. One of these doors is fitted with
rollers, which run on a short track. The
hinged door is opened and folded over the
first door, and then both of them rolled
back over a 4-foot space.

A 50-pound weight is fastened in the
lower left-hand panel of the door, hung on
the rollers, to counterbalance the weight
of the door hung on the hinges. A hook
placed in the cement floor on the inside of
the doors at the center secures them when
they are closed.

SIMPLE DEVICE FOR OPENING GA-
RAGE DOOR— The cut shown herewith il-
lustrates the construction of a very simple
and inexpensive form of device, the use of
which enables a person in a car outside or
inside the garage to open the door of the
garage without leaving his seat. The sec-
tion shown is that of the wall of the build-
ing just above the door. The handle shown
at the right hand is on the end of a rope
which passes over a pulley pivoted near
the top of a post located at some distance
from the door and standing by the side of
the driveway. This rope leads back to an-
other pulley inside the wall and then down
to the eye of a bolt and up over a second
pulley. If the rope is fastened to the eye
of the bolt, the door may be operated from
either outside or inside by extending the
rope downwards on the interior of the ga-
rage the same as on the post outside.

The release of the bolt from the slot
shown in the top of the door, caused by
simply pulling on the rope from either end,
allows the door to be drawn back automat-
ically by a properly arranged cord and
weight on the inside of the door.

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

FRAMING FOR WINDOWS- One of

the most important parts of the framing of
any building is the construction connected
with the window openings. This is a com-
paratively simple matter, yet it should be
done with care, to insure against leaks.
One of the best ways to frame the ordinary
double-hung window to prevent leaks, is
to gain the jamb into the sub-sill, letting

SINGLE-SASH WINDOWS-How to

make a single-sash frame which will admit
of hanging so that the sash can be opened
and at the same time keep out the snow and
rain in stormy weather, is a problem that
has caused the carpenter more or less
study for years. This is a style of window
very often used in small garages.

We have found no better way to accom-

JUIJI ML V B U yp rr>nT ^

AjSimple Device for Opening Garage Door without Alighting from Vehicle

the end of this sill project same as for win-
dow sill, and only notch out enough of the
back corners to fit nicely in opening for the
window as shown by the accompanying sec-
tional drawing. The joints should be set
in white lead, and well painted on the out-
side.

plish the work than the arrangement
shown in the accompanying drawing.

The sill is made with a lip, and then rab-
beted, as shown at A. The sash is also rab-
beted to fit the sill. The sill is plowed at
B; and the stool rabbeted to fit into the sill.
This allows the sash to be hung at the top;

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

Framing for Single Sash Window

First =Class Construction — Double=Hung Window
in Concrete Block Wall

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

and, when closed over the rabbeted sill
with the lip, it prevents rain and snow
from beating in under the sash. If the
sash is tightly closed, it is just about storm-
proof—so nearly so, in fact, that not
enough rain or snow will get through to do
any damage.

With the ordinary window-sill, it is im-

count of leaks, which will admit water.
A frame constructed with the sill and
sash rabbeted as shown in the sketch, is as
nearly storm-proof as it is possible to con-
struct one and have the sash hung so that
it can be opened readily.

A PIVOT WINDOW- The accompany-
ing figure shows as good a construction as

Roof Plan

Roof Framing Plan for Large Concrete Biodk Garage

possible to hang a single sash either at the
top or on the side, on account of the bevel
on the sill; and then the stool is in the way.
Our experience has been that almost any
attempt to hang a single sash in the frame
such as ordinarily made, results in a very
unsatisfactory job. If the window happens
to be in some place much exposed, it will
be found to be a great annoyance on ac-

there is for a pivot window, both as to ap-
pearances and as to storm-proof qualities.
This is a type of window that is frequently
desirable for small garages.

WINDOW FRAME FOR A CEMENT
BLOCK WALL— Blocks have been used
with very good results in garage con-
struction, where a thoroughly first-class
job was desired, furring, lath and plaster

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

being used. It is sometimes a question just
how the window-frames should be put in to
make this kind of a job most successful.

The cut herewith shows the approved
method. A special wide mould is used on
the face of the frame to relieve the plain
surface that otherwise would show. This
mould should carry across the top so as to
show the same width as at the sides, and,
when properly made to work with the
blocks, will look all right. Care should be

Possibly the most noticeable features in
the change in external appearance of the
building are the change in size of windows,
the doing away with the two small side
doors, and the cutting down of the slope of
the incline leading to level of stable floor.

At a closer viewpoint it will be noticed
that the original siding on the exterior has
been removed, and a lath and plaster wall
ceiled on the inner side, substituted in its
place. The section of the wall shown W

Elevation .
Roof Truss and Front Elevation of Large Concrete Block Garage

taken to have tight jambs; and as most
blocks are made with a slot at the ends, this
can be successfully done by nailing a strip
on the back of the frame so as to come
within the slot and then filling in the re-
maining space with mortar. This not only
breaks the continuous crack, but also
makes an excellent tie in the wall.

A BARN CONVERTED INTO A GA-
RAGE— The figures on pages 62 and 63
show how an ordinary small stable or barn
was converted into a very serviceable and
commodious garage. The views on page
63 show the external appearance of the
structure before and after the remodeling.

page 62 illustrates this change, together
with the removal of the original stable
floor and floor-joists and the substitution
of a concrete floor, of medium thickness,
laid directly upon the ground. This con-
crete floor was carried up, as shown in
figure, in a bank all around the walls of
the garage, and extending upwards as far
as the old floor level. This acts as a pro-
tection to the side walls of the building.

A noticeable point in the reconstruction
is the doing away with the grade leading
to the old floor level. Since the concrete
floor is laid directly upon the ground, a
slight slope of the incline will suffice.

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

The removal of the original horse stalls
allowed plenty of space for a fairly good-
sized workroom at one end of the garage.

LARGE CONCRETE BLOCK GARAGE

—A garage 40 by 60 feet, made of concrete
blocks and having a trussed hip roof, is
shown in the accompanying illustration.
The purpose of this design is to do away
with supports through the building, and yet
keep the roof as light and inexpensive as
possible.

The size of the building is very con-
venient to roof up nicely. Being 60 feet in
length, it will require but two trusses
through the middle, which will place them
at 20 feet from each end, so that the hips
will catch the peak of the trusses, as shown.
Purlins can be run at the central point of
the rafter lengths, and braced from the
chord of the main trusses and from the
walls, as shown in the section.

With cement block construction the win-
dow frames are made to work to the size

of the blocks rather than the blocks to the
frames. In this the blocks are supposed to
lie 12 and 24 inches. The large door is
planned for 10 feet wide, including the
frames, and the windows are 3 feet wide,
with frames included. This would leave 3
feet between the openings, thus avoiding
all unsightly fitting of the blocks to the
frames where they have to be chipped off
at the ends, thereby causing uneven lengths
by not having taken due consideration in
laying out the work. Note, too, that caps
for the openings are avoided by letting the
frames extend up to the frieze. This makes
an inexpensive construction, and at the
same time gives a very neat appearance.
Any height of block can be used, as best
suits the individual taste; but, whatever di-
mension block is used, plan to work the full
length and height of same to avoid patch-
ing up around the frames. Eemember, mis-
fits can be avoided at the start, but never —
well, hardly ever — at the finish.

Garage Equipment and Accessories

No well-equipped and thoroughly mod-
ern garage is considered complete without
the many time-saving and labor-saving de-
vices shown in the following pages. To
the owner of a large car, some of them are
almost indispensable in working around
and handling with ease such a large and
heavy body. To the owner of a small car
or the man who generally takes care of his
own machine, many of these devices soon
pay for themselves in the saving of time
and labor to a busy man.

TURNTABLE-Possibly one of the most
important labor-saving devices in the
equipment of the modern garage is the in-
stallation of some form of turntable, either
in or upon the floor of the garage. Where

street would otherwise be necessary. An-
other advantage of the use of a turntable
is the ease with which a machine can be
turned around into the light when washing
or repairing broken parts.

The accompanying figure shows a com-
mon form of turntable located in a pit in
the garage floor. As will be noticed, a cir-
cular platform dished towards the center
and braced on the under side by heavy ribs
is supported at the center by a heavy ball
bearing, and near the edge by a circular
ridge on the lower side of the platform.
This ridge rests on several small wheels
placed with their axles in standards rest-
ing on the bottom of the pit. These wheels
prevent the platform from tipping when

*>^S£>

Automobile Turntable in Pit

floor space is limited, or where there is but
little chance for backing or turning, such
a device is practically a necessity. The
value of a turntable is very apparent where
the garage is small and located on a busy
thoroughfare where backing out into the

the car is run onto the turntable, and also
act as roller bearings when the platform is
turning.

The dishing of the platform in the cen-
ter causes water or any drip from the ma-
chine to collect in the center and be dispos-

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

ed of through the grating shown. The con-
nection between center of turntable and
sewer, as shown, makes the platform a very
convenient place for washing the machine.
Holes through the bottom plate of the ball
bearing and connecting with the sewer
prevent an accumulation of water in the
pit, and also help in the removal of any dirt
which may collect in the pit. The turn-
table platform should fit the circular hole
fairly close, so as to not leave a crack
through which larger particles like pieces
of oily waste, etc., may fall.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR INSTALLATION
OF 13-FOOT 4-INCH AUTOMO-
BILE TURNTABLE.

FORM- A wooden form should be con-
structed exactly 13 feet 5y 2 inches outside
diameter, and about 18 inches deep. This
form should be carefully set, so that the
top is level with the finished floor line of
the garage.

PIT WALL -Build the pit wall by fill-
ing in the concrete around the form until
within about 4 inches of the floor level.

RING-— Place around the form the three
pieces of 3 by 2^-inch angle-iron compris-
ing the rim. If these have become bent out
of a true circle in shipping, they must be
carefully formed to fit neatly against the
outside of the wooden form.

Block these angles up to the level of the
top of the wooden form. Place the secur-
ing bolts by cutting out the form to clear
the nuts, and fill in the concrete to floor
level. Do not disturb until concrete is set.

PIT B T T M - Assemble Wooden
Form, Drive a tapered 4 by 4-inch timber
plug about 18 inches long into ground in
center of pit, , leaving top 6 inches below
level of floor. Drive four 4 by 4 by 24-inch
tapered timbers into ground in places
which will receive the foundation bolts
and center casting. Drive them so that the
tops will be about 6 inches below floor level.
Drive 3 by 3-inch tapered plugs about

16 inches long in pit in places which will
receive the foundation bolts for the roller
castings. Have top of these 8 inches from
floor level. Put in concrete pit bottom
around wooden plugs to within 1 inch of the
level shown on the drawing.

After concrete is set, remove all plugs
except the center one. Put foundation bolts
in holes and cement in place to proper
height and spacing at an even distance
around the pit as measured from center
pedestal and rollers.

Locate the exact center of the 3 by 2-
inch angle-iron ring by careful measure-
ment, and mark by tack on center wooden
plug.

CENTER PEDESTAL-Place center
pedestal in place, locating the ball race ex-
actly concentric with the mark on the cen-
ter wooden plug. Place fillers on shims
under this pedestal to level it up and raise
its base to height shown on the drawing.
Put nuts on bolts, and put balls on race
OUTSIDE ROLLERS-Similarly shim
outside roller castings to level shown.
Tighten up nuts on bolts and put turn-
table platform in place after bolting it up,
as follows:

PLATFORM— In assembling the turn-
table platform, place the three sections to-
gether, bottom side up, on a level floor, with
a 6 by 6-inch by lV 2 -inch thick board un-
der the center ends. These tops are cast
in one piece and split afterwards ; so care
must be taken to follow markings in as-
sembling, in order that the correct faces
shall come in contact.

Be sure to clean out all paint and dirt
between faces. In bolting sections, do not
try to get each bolt perfectly tight at once,
but partially screw up each nut until all
are tight and platform is securely drawn
together.

When platform is placed on center
pedestal, it should turn easily on balls with
about V 2 inch clearance between outside

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

edge of platform and the angle-iron rim.

If pedestal is correct height, the outside
edge of the platform will be level with the
ring around the edge of pit.

If rollers are correct height, there will
be about % inch clearance between back of
track on platform and tops of rollers. The

Finish floor of pit, and put top in place.

PITLESS AUTOMOBILE TURN-
TABLE — Another form of automobile
turntable is shown in the accompanying
cut illustrating the Pitless Automobile
Turntable. This turntable is placed di-
rectly on the floor, and does not require

beake-

-TRACK
Plan of Pitless Automobile Turntable

platform should touch these rollers only
when overbalanced by a load placed on one
side of the center. If heights of rollers
and pedestal are found to be correct, re-
move the top and grout them in with ce-
ment.

any bolts or screws. It is compact and
complete in itself, and will not tilt. It is
guaranteed to sustain the weight of any
car, and its manufacturers claim that an
ordinary workman can install it in thirty
minutes. When installed in an already fin-

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

ished garage, the only expense is in the
concrete approaches, and these can be
made by the owner himself at a very small
expense.

If the space is limited for turning the
automobile, and it is necessary to turn
steering gear two or three times in backing
out, the price of a turntable will soon be
saved from the wear and tear on the steer-
ing gear and the tires, without mentioning
the possible damage to fenders and lamps.

There is ample space on the runway for
changing tires. The turntable is very
handy in washing the car and in oiling or
filling the tank. The car can be turned to
the gas or oil tank, which saves slopping
and spilling, as is done in carrying the oil
to the car.

A few details of the construction of the
pitless turntable are, as follows :

Runways are fifteen inches wide and are
supported by eight-inch machine-faced
wheels.

Wheels run on circular steel track one
and one-half inches high.

King-pin is held firm in center by six
stay rods bolted to track; and center frame,
which is bolted to runways, is held by king-
pin, making it impossible to move the
wheels off the track.

Runways are two and one-half inches
above the floor.

Approaches clear the floor by one-half
inch.

A wheel brake holds the table in position;
it is operated by the foot.

Runway ends are cut on a circle and have
no approach. In new work the concrete is
laid flush with runway, making an ideal
construction for a private garage, as there
is no elevation in running on and off.

A pit may be included in the construction
of a garage, if desired ; it may be placed in-
side of track.

The Pitless Turntable does away with the
expensive concrete surface in the yard, the

cost of which often exceeds the price of the
turntable. The beauty of the yard may also
be preserved. In the Pitless Turntable
there is no place for the accumulation of oil
and waste, which might become ignited and
cause a loss by fire.

This turntable is made in four different
sizes to turn the smallest electric as well as
the largest touring car.

GASOLINE PUMP AND STORAGE—
The scheme shown in the accompanying
figure illustrates one method of keeping a
ready supply of gasoline on hand with safe-
ty. The tank shown is buried outside of
the garage and has only two openings-
one shown extending up through the
ground for filling, and one for a smaller
pipe, which leads through the garage wall
and connects to the supply pump. The out-
side opening used for filling should be pro-
vided with a close-fitting screw cap or plug,
atnd should be kept tightly closed. The
depth of gasoline in the storage tanks may
be determined at any time by simply in-
serting through this opening a clean stick.
The depth of gasoline will show on the
stick when it is removed. Also, see that
all pipe connections are tight.

The pump shown in the figure is connect-
ed direct to the supply pipe from the out-
side tank. The size of the pump barrel is
such that one complete stroke of the pump
forces one gallon of gasoline into the tank
on the machine. This is a very convenient
method of measuring the quantity taken
into the tank on the machine. The particu-
lar system here shown is known as the
"Bowser."

Another system of storage and measure-
ment is shown in the accompanying cuts of
the "Tokheim" Gasoline System.

This outfit is designed for automobile
garages. It is claimed to have many ex-
clusive features of merit — features which
provide for safety, convenience, and econo-
my in handling gasoline.

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

^M^V/sZ^/^&ASSWJfJ^YSJSt,

sy-wsww ssncTOsggq

Gasoline Pump and Storage. The "Bowser" System

FTokheim "Safety" Long=Distance Gasoline System

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

The dome, self-measuring, price-comput-
ing pump will draw and measure oil very
rapidly from an underground tank, which
can be located at any distance or angle
from the building.

The detail cut of the three-way discharge
valve and gallon counter shows the price-

per minute. The pump can be changed in
a moment by the turn of the lever handle
of this valve for discharge through hose or
through dome.

The counter accurately registers the dis-
charge in pints and gallons up to 9,999 gal-
lons, and automatically repeats. It can be

TTT1" VI"

Tokheim Gasoline System

computing scale and the registering device
to a better advantage.

With the three-way valve, gasoline can
be measured and discharged into the auto-
mobile tank at a rate of 8 to 10 gallons

unlocked and reset at any time desired.
The counter is well built from heavy ma-
terials and cannot be tampered with. It
is claimed to be thief-proof. The figures
are one-half inch high and easily read.

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

ROLL-TOP OIL CABINET-When

large quantities of lubricating oil are to be
kept around the garage, safety is a matter
of great importance. An oil cabinet which
can be closed and protected from the
match-end carelessly thrown aside, is of ex-
treme value.

These cabinets are made in all styles and
sizes, and for both gasoline and lubricating
oils. The accompanying cuts show some of

dered. It is fitted with removable drip-
pan with fine brass strainer, screen, and
iron grate. Standard size, 65 gallons.

As shown by the cut of the open cabinet,
the outfit is equipped with the Tokheim
Self-Measuring Pump, discharging at a
single stroke a quart, a pint, or half-pint.
The pump is constructed from galvanized
iron and finished in silver, aluminum, and
gold. It is fitted with extra heavy brass

^*%

Three=Way Discharge Valve and Gallon Counter

the details of a good representative cabi-
net.

These cabinets are built from the finest
grade of oak and can be finished in any
color desired. The top rolls up and down
easily, and it is thoroughly dustproof.

The tank is made from best quality gal-
vanized tank steel, double-seamed and sol-

cylinder, with brass valves, and the Tok-
heim Anti-Drip Plunger Faucet.

In many of these cabinets a special pump
connecting with an underground or outside
gasoline tank is placed beside the oil pump,
and both thus protected from dirt and dust
by the rolling front. These cabinets are
ornamental as well as useful.

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

FIRE PROTECTION APPARATUS FOR
GARAGES.*

Of the fittings of any garage, fire-pro-
tection apparatus ranks among the most
essential, because, no matter how large or
small a garage may be, the possibility of a
fire is always present. This is decidedly
true of the smaller and less important ga-
rages, which are, as a rule, not so well

Some of the larger and more modern ga-
rages are equipped with automatic sprin-
kling systems connected with a water tank
placed on the roof or directly with the city
water-supply system. While the sprinkling
system is used, it is not considered very
favorably, because of the high relative cost
of installation compared with the extent of
the protection afforded.

It is claimed that the main defect of the

Tokheim RolUTop Oil Cabinet

equipped for safely handling and storing
gasoline and oil as those housed in modern
fireproof buildings.

*Courtesy of "Horseless Age," April, 1909.

system is its inability to supply a sufficient
quantity of water to extinguish a purely
local but generally extremely hot fire, such
as garage fires invariably are. Another
shortcoming of the system is said to be,

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

that, since most modern garages have high
ceilings in the car storage spaces, there is a
likelihood of the fire getting well started
before the apparatus will release the water,
which would probably also be released from
a number of other adjacent points of the
system at the same time and do a great

circuit through a battery and an audible
alarm signal, and in some cases an indica-
tor to show the location of the fixture clos-
ing the circuit. The principle of operation
of the circuit-closing fixtures is that the in-
crease of temperature directly above a fire
will cause a rod connected to one side of

Tokheim RolUTop Oil Cabinet— Open

deal of damage. It seems, therefore, that
the sprinkler system would find better ap-
plication in the stock and store rooms and
offices than in the car storage or gasoline
and oil storage spaces.

The automatic fire-alarm systems gen-
erally consist of a pair of wires attached
to the ceiling, and having fixtures connected
at regular intervals for closing the electric

the circuit to expand and thereby close the
circuit. Another system operates when
one or more fusible plugs melt and thereby
open the circuit, thus giving the alarm. The
objection to automatic fire alarm systems
for garages seems to be that they are not
reliable, because, as a rule, they are seldom
tested and inspected, and, as a result, the
operating fixtures corrode and do not work

100

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

satisfactorily at the critical moment. An-
other objection urged against the system is
that the local temperature must be quite
high before the alarm is given. This sys-
tem would also find better application in
departments of a garage other than the car
storage space.

thrown directly at the base of the flame a
large quantity will be required, and if the
fire should be in the vicinity of the car
motor the sand is likely to find its way into
the working parts and cause some damage.
Chemical extinguishers, which operate by
excluding the air from the flames, are used

Good Work or Repair Bench for Small Garage

The time-honored system of standpipes
connected with a positive high-pressure
water supply, and having a hose with a
nozzle permanently attached to a stop-cock
or valve on the standpipe, is used to a large
extent in garages, and, unless a fire com-
prises burning gasoline or oil, is capable of
affording excellent protection — generally,
however, with some damage due to the
large amount of water used.

Pails of sand are used to a great extent
as a protection from gasoline fires, because,
if the sand is properly spread on the fire, it
will exclude the air and extinguish the
fire. However, unless the sand is forcibly

in various styles. There are two general
types of these, namely : the powder and the
liquid type. The most generally used form
of the powder type consists of a metal tube,
generally about 22 inches long and 2 inches
in diameter, which is filled with a powder
consisting mainly of powdered sodium bi-
carbonate. The tube is usually suspended
by a ring attached to the cover which closes
the upper end of the tube; and, by jerking
down the tube, the cover is removed, and
the contents may be scattered at the base of
the flames.

Liquid-type fire extinguishers are made
in various forms, and generally depend for

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

101

their operation upon the formation of car-
bonic acid gas by the combination of sul-
phuric acid and sodium bicarbonate which
is held in solution by water contained in the
extinguisher. Another type for use in

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A WORK OR
REPAIR BENCH-One of the prime ne-
cessities for the home garage is a
well-built work and repair bench. No
mechanic, whether amateur or profes-

Phantom Sketch of Work Bench, Showing Construction

places where the temperature is apt to be
below the freezing point of water, generally
consists of a tank containing a saturated
solution of calcium chloride In water, the
expelling force being furnished by liquid
carbonic acid gas contained in a steel bottle
held in the head of the extinguisher. The
gas is liquefied at about 900 pounds pres-
sure at 54° F. There is still another form
of liquid-type extinguisher from which the
solution is forced by a hand-operated pump.
Precautions to be observed in the han-
dling and storage of gasoline and oils are
so thoroughly covered by the rules of the
board of fire underwriters as not to require
mention here.

sional, can accomplish much unless he
has a good, solid place to work, and a
place where he can keep the various tools
and small supplies required about a car.
Benches can be purchased ready-made that
would suit this purpose very well, but prob-
ably the most satisfactory way is to build
a special bench and arrange and equip it
for the special requirements of automobile
work.

The accompanying illustrations show a
work and repair bench of this kind. By
observing the detailed instructions which
follow, its construction will offer no diffi-
culties, even for the amateur builder.

In the bench with the single drawer this

102

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

drawer provides space for small tools and
supplies, while to the back is fastened a
tool rack. This bench is. ample size for a
small garage, following the dimensions as
given in the accompanying detail drawing.
This same top construction may be used

desired. To fasten a piece, throw the lever
vertically, pull the jaw out sufficiently to
permit the piece to be inserted, move the
movable jaw up against the piece by push-
ing on the lever, then swing the lever to the
right about a quarter-turn.

SO"— ■

5-HOLt

Top

-—2 2"

-32" ?.._.

FRONT

I _

L...L

I
I
t

U..J

— IT'— ■

*■*- \0" >

'-*■

-— 20"' —

Working Plans of a Good Work or Repair Bench

ELMD

and a bench built with the base completely
filled with drawer space, as is also shown
in one of the accompanying illustrations.

One who has ever used a rapid-acting
vise will not need to be told the advantages
of that style over the old-fahioned continu-
ous screw kind which our fathers used. To
one who has never used one, we suggest
that the time alone which is saved, not to
mention the satisfaction in being able to
get quick results, is well worth the small
difference in cost. In the vise shown in the
picture, throwing the lever to a vertical
position permits the movable jaw of the
vise to be moved out or pushed in as far as

HOW TO MAKE THE BENCH-Begin

work upon the frame. Make the ends first
and glue them up. The phantom sketch
given in one of the accompanying cuts
shows the top and bottom horizontals dow-
eled to the verticals. The stock bill calls
for enough extra length for these verticals
to permit their being tenoned entirely
through the horizontals, then glued and
wedged. There is a cross strain put upon
these joints that necessitates their being
made as strong as possible.

From the detail drawing it will be seen
that the holes for the draw-bolts of the
girts are in the middle of the verticals, so

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

103

that top and bottom of the end frames are
reversible.

Square up the girts and bore for the
dowels and draw-bolts. Use a six-inch ma-
chine bolt. Chamfer the parts, as shown
in the picture. These parts may now be as-
sembled.

Make the top next. This will prove the
most difficult part of the whole project, be-

in the picture, this cannot happen, for the
strain is along the length of the bolster and
not across the glue joints.

It might be urged — and justly, too — that
it is contrary to the principles of good con-
struction to join members so that end grain
and side grain are together. However, in
this case the top, being but 14 inches wide,
is not inclined to shrink or swell enough

Work or Repair Bench with Drawers

cause of the bolsters which are to be
tongued and grooved to the ends of the
bench top proper.

The ordinary bench does not have these
bolsters, and the autoist may, if he likes,
make the top without them, making the top
surface level for its full width. Experience
with both kinds of tops has shown the
writer that the cross clamping between vise
dog and bench dog will, unless done by
an experienced mechanic, open up the glue
joints. With the bolster, such as is shown

under ordinary conditions — providing the
wood used has been thoroughly seasoned —
to cause any trouble.

The top proper is made up of eight pieces
1% inches wide, joined and glued. These
are surfaced after the glue has set, so that
the top shall be 2*4 inches thick, the bol-
sters having been tongued and fastened
into the grooves cut in the ends of the top.
The board which forms the bottom of the
tool recess is rabbeted and set into grooves
in the back and top proper.

104 RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

To make it possible to easily brush this Mill bill for frame, sandpapered-

recess clean, two beveled pieces are fitted Thick Wide Long

and nailed at either end of the recess. 4 horizontals if 3 20J S-4-S

The location of the holes in the tool rack 2 horizontals.' '. .' .' .' .' *| if m f£J

is a matter for the ingenuity of the worker, 4 Verticals if 3* 30 3 s-4-S

and will depend on the tools he is to use For the to P> not to be sandpapered:

most frequently. , . Thick Wide Long

. 1 piece 2f 5 22J? S-4-S

The top is to be fastened to the frame- l P iece 2| 2\ 23i S-4-S

work, as is the bench to be fastened to the 8 pieces 2 * ! J ^\ S-4-S

floor, by lag or coach screws. Four screws T ° be sand P a P ere d- .

are sufficient for all. , piece ^ ™ de L 4 ° 6 f . s „ 2 . s

The drawer sides are to be made of %- J pkce ! 2 i 52 S-4-S

inch stock and thoroughly put together. 2 pieces Jj \ 7? HI

The ledge or tongue-and-groove joint is to For the drawer, to be sandpapered •

be used at the corners, and the bottom of Thick Wide Long

%-inch stuff is to be "let into" the sides I pkces * 6 i 32 i S-2-S

and back. ? p * ces f .61 »1 S.2-S

1 P ie ce I 22 32 S-4-S

ITEMIZED STOCK BILL FOR BENCH A bench with a maximum of drawer

-JJ or a first-class bench nothing but the space is shown in one of the accompanying

best hard maple should be used, and it cuts. The dimensions are: Height 32

must, by all means, be thoroughly seasoned, inches ; length of top, 60 inches ; width 24

Drawer and Lock Construction

Frame Construction

Details of Construction for Garage Work Bench

A bench made of poorly seasoned maple is
certain to prove a great disappointment.
Order the stock mill-planed and sandpa-
pered, as indicated in the stock bill. Stock
specified S-2-S, surfaced on two sides, has
an allowance of V 4 inch for dressing. Stock
specified S-4-S is of exact width and thick-
ness. All stock is ordered y 2 inch extra
length to allow for squaring the ends.

inches; thickness of top, 2% inches. The
tool recess is 7 inches wide. The legs are
3 inches square and the rails 314 inches
wide. The general tool drawer is 5%
inches high, 38 inches long, and 20 inches
deep. The smaller drawers are 5 inches
high, 16y 2 inches long and 20 inches deep.
The paneled tool rack is 34 inches long and
7 inches high.

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

105

The paneling is to be made of clear, kiln- are especially convenient for heavier parts

dried birch; the frame of clear, kiln-dried and tools.

hard maple. With a cabinet of this type in the garage,

These benches should be finished with a if well stocked with the more common small

e=^>

Tool Cabinet

liquid filler rubbed down and followed with
several coats of shellac. The tops of hard
maple benches are frequently finished by
thoroughly rubbing in several coats of

boiled linseed oil.

TOOL CABINET-The tool cabinet
shown in the accompanying illustration is

X^^/SSSSSS^SS/A

tools and minor supplies, a great many
small repair charges may be saved.

If the tool cabinet just shown is to be
supplemented by a work bench, the accom-
panying figure shows a type of bench which
is very serviceable. This bench is made
with a heavy hardwood top and supplied

>ssssss;sjjjjjj;»

Front and End Elevations of Work Bench

another of the almost necessary parts of
garage equipment. This cabinet has not
only places for keeping tools which are in
constant demand, but also provides space
for special tools and for the storing of
small parts and supplies. The lower bins

with a solid bank of drawers at one end.
The other end may be fitted with drawers,
or with single top drawer, as shown, with
a locker below. A fairly heavy vise, prefer-
ably one which may be turned to different
angles and clamped, is a necessity. A good

106

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

pair of copper protectors should be pro-
vided for holding finished surfaces in the

vise.

<3=©

Steel Locker

STEEL .LOOKER- A good form of
locker; from the standpoint of both sanita-
tion and safety, is shown in one of the ac-
companying cuts. As will be seen, the
locker consists of an upper closet with a
drawer beneath. The perforations in the
walls provide ventilation, and at the same
time give warning in case of fire inside of
locker.

These lockers are made either from pres-
sed steel sheets riveted together, or from
perforated or expanded metal. The fact
than they can readily be washed out with a
hose insures their sanitary value. The per-
forated sheet metal and the expanded
metal lockers are more sanitary than the
sheet steel form, but will not protect cloth-
ing in places where dust may settle.

ANTI-FREEZING MIXTURES - The

following are rules for avoiding freezing of
water in the cylinders, pipes, radiators,
etc., of the cooling system of water-cooled

automobile engines and stationary explo-
sive engines. As soon as freezing weather
approaches or when the temperature drops
as low as 40 degrees F., all water should be
drained from the radiator, cylinders, and
pump, and the radiator filled with one of
the solutions given:

1. A mixture of glycerine and water in
the proportion, by weight, of 25 per cent
of the former and 70 per cent of the latter,
to which is added 2 per cent of sodium car-
bonate.

2. Chemically pure calcium chloride,
dissolved in hot water in the proportion of
4 pounds to one gallon of water.

3. Sodium chloride (common salt) or
magnesium chloride, dissolved in water in
the proportion of V/ 2 to 2 pounds to the
gallon.

4. Wood alcohol in the proportion of 20
per cent alcohol to 80 per cent of water.
This solution has the advantage of being
sufficient for average winter weather, and
it has no ill effect of any kind on metals,
nor does it leave any sediment.

Should the thermometer reach as low as
15 degrees F., a solution of about 25 per
cent alcohol and 75 per cent water should
be used. For temperatures below zero use
30 per cent alcohol and 70 per cent water.

SWINGING ARM HOSE ATTACH-
MENT— The hose attachment shown is an-
other of the many convenient devices for
the up-to-date garage. As shown in the
figure, a supported bracket arm of pipe is
attached by a swivel joint to the water con-
nection in the ceiling and threaded at the
end to take the hose coupling.

The advantage of such an arrangement
is that the hose may be used directly upon
any part of the machine without smearing
the wet and^ dirty water over the body of
the car, which is naturally the case when a
hose has to be dragged over or around the
car from one position to another. The

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

107

Swinging Arm Hose Attachment

hose is also less exposed to injury than FOLDING BRACKET STANDARD
when lying on the floor, as under this sys- FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT — The device
tern it is kept off the floor entirely and out shown in the accompanying figure is very

Folding Bracket and Standard for Electric Light

of the way. Its life, too, is prolonged convenient for use around a garage, es-
through the facility with which it can be pecially when work is to be done under the
drained and kept free of water when not in body of the car. While compact in its fold-
use, ed state, it is surprising to see the twists

108

RADFORD'S GARAGES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM

and turns of which this device is capable,
The universal ball and socket joints by
which the bracket arms are connected to
the heavier standard allow great freedom
of motion to the lighter arms. As seen
from the figure, it is just as easy to adjust
the lamp for work under the machine as it
is for any other position. The heavy base
provides for stability when the bracket
arms are extended. An adjustable light
stand of the type illustrated is compara-
tively inexpensive.

TURNING OIL FROM A SQUARE CAN

-A great many oil cans in which oil is sold
are square, with the opening at the side or
corner. The contents of such a can may be
poured out without wasting a drop, if the
can is held properly, with the opening at
the top. This will permit the can to be
tipped so that the oil will flow without a
gurgle. If the can is held so that the open-
ing is at the lower corner, the oil will try
to follow down the outside of the can and
cause considerable waste.

Price of this book $1.00 per copy, Postage Prepaid.

SPECIAL PLANS AFTER YOUR OWN SKETCHES

AT POPULAR PRICES

If you prefer to have a home constructed after your own ideas of arrangement, we would like very much to
help you in developing your plans, or assist you in any way to solve the problem of a plan for your new home.

There are scores of people who spend years in planning and designing the home they wish to build, and,
in many cases, never cease regretting that it does not come up to their requirements. "Home made" plans
are inaccurate and cause endless worry, waste of materials and extra expense. "With our long experience and
with the equipment and the facilities we have for handling work of this kind, we' can relieve you of the
trouble and anxiety of planning your own home, save you time and money and furnish you with plans that
we know will be entirely satisfactory. All we ask is an opportunity to demonstrate our ability to please you.

CORNER OF DRAFTING ROOM.

Our work is by no means confined to the designing and planning of houses, for, in addition to this class of*
work, we make a specialty of such work as:

Schoolhouses, Office Buildings, Bank Buildings, Factories, Town and Lodge Halls, Churches, Hotels, Public
Libraries, Stores, Farm and Outbuildings and All Kinds of Public Buildings,

Our Special Department is the finest of its kind in the country, being under the personal supervision of
Licensed Architects, who have experience in handling all kinds of work, and they have the assistance of a corps
of competent draftsmen.

Our location, equipment, and facilities for handling work of all kinds cannot be excelled. Every plan we
design or develop is guaranteed to be complete and accurate in every respect. We can get plans out in the
quickest time possible and at a price that cannot help but interest you.

Our experience being of such long duration and our work extending over such a large territory, enables us
to give you the most satisfactory results in every instance.

Our aim is to please you. Our whole organization is at your service. Consult us before purchasing your
plan. We can save you money.

The Radford Architectural Company

185 E. Jackson Blvd.,
CHICAGO, ILL.

261 Broadway,
NEW YORK, N.Y.

EXECUTI

THE RADFORD ARC

Entire Eleventh Floor Medim

Largest Architectural Ei

$75.00 to $100.00 plans for
only $8.00 to $15.00. Com-
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fECTURAL COMPANY

iflding— CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

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•

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see our plans before building.

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The Latest Ideas In Two— Four— Six and

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EVERYTHING BRAND NEW

A Brand New Book— Just Off The Press— Absolutely the first and only book of its kind ever pub-
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collection are a large number of stores and bank buildings suitable for the small town or village as well as the
large city. No more valuable book could possibly be imagined for the use of anyone contemplating building.

Every building illustrated was designed by a licensed architect standing at the head of his profession
who has made a study of economy in construction and our knowledge of the material that goes into the
building qualifies us to give you the best for your money. Printed on the finest grade of enamel paper from
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PRICE POSTPAID $1.00.

THE RADFORD ARCHITECTURAL COMPANY

185 E. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL

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This handsomely bound book, size 8x11 inches, contains the perspective views and
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This book is printed on the best enameled paper from the finest half tones and zinc
etchings (more than 600 half tone cuts and zinc etchings being used to properly illustrate it.)

PRICE, POSTPAID, $1.00

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CHICAGO, ILL.

178 Fulton St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Most Wonderful Books Ever Published

A Complete Encyclopedia on the Practical Uses of the Steel Square

Iu«5t PnhliQhpH This ver y valuable and practical work is pub-
JUH rUPUt>nefl lished for the first time. It is up to the minute,
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with a vast amount of new, practical, every-day information, such as
is necessary for every progressive and successful carpenter to know.

This Up=to-Date and P ractical Work °? J he application

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Special Chanters ar S 2 e Y2 ted . to tnat P art of stair building to

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Practical and Instru ctive Illustrations *° th( L nuinl ^ r of

TL ; — T, : r~: ■ — more than ,5(10 are

scattered through this work. These illustrations are not technical
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Remember this work , is absolutely up to date (being issued Jan-

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In every way they can be returned after examination and your money will be refunded, sansiattory

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Special Chapters are Devoted to Building ^o^which

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400 Special Illustrations ^here n ? p ? h ° ver 400 ^rations ;

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Remember tllts work J ' s the latest one published on this extensive
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CHICAGO, ILL.

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trations, diagrams, charts, plans and working
drawings to demonstrate BY PICTURE every
example given in the text — supplemented by
over three hundred full page half-tone plates of
unusual interest; handsomely and durably bound
in three-quarter red morocco, full Persian
library covers, marble tops.

ABSOLUTELY BRAND NEW

At the cost of thousands of dollars and years of ex-
perience of hundreds of the best known practical cement
experts, architects, construction and civil engineers, we
have collected and prepared the only Cyclopedia of Ce-
ment Construction in existence. There is not one line of
useless information in the entire set. From cover to cover
of each and every volume the work teems with the most
vital kind of instruction to the concrete worker. It covers
everything thoroughly, completely and authoritatively,
from the history of cement through the various ages clear
down to its latest application; from the laying of a cement
sidewalk to the building of huge municipal water systems
of reinforced concrete, costing millions of dollars.

A $100,000 SET OF BOOKS

Not a collection of pretty pictures or fascinating tales
of fiction, but five great big volumes, full of the soundest
kind of instruction on the livest subject in the world to-
day — the uses and the applications of concrete
to modern building construction. One hundred
thousand dollars is a big sum of money, but it really does
not cover the actual expense to us to prepare this set of
books. When you consider that the biggest authorities
on the use of concrete, only the most expert engineers,
have been asked to contribute to this great work, you will
readily understand the gigantic nature of the task and will
have a slight idea of the immensity of the cost. Then
take into consideration the handsome appearance of the
volumes, the durable attractive binding, and their great
size and scope. If it was not for the fact that we expect
to sell many thousand sets we could not afford to make
any such offer as this.

Special Introductory Sale

YOURS FOR

ONLY
$1.00

Because this set of books has cost such an enormous amount of money to prepare, it is an
absolute necessity for us to sell a great many thousand sets to get back even the actual cost
to us. That is why we must advertise these books in the most effective way at the start.
We do not believe we can advertise this set of books in any better way than to place a num-
ber of sets in the hands of representative men in the concrete and cement industry. That
is why we have set aside the first edition of one thousand sets to sell, if necessary, even at a
loss for the sake of the advertising it will give future editions.

YOURS FOR

ONLY
$LOO

1,000 Sets at 33 Cents on the Dollar

INCLUDING

a full year's subscrip-
tion to the

Cement
World

The biggest and best ce-
ment paper published in
the interest of the cement
industry. It is a constant
source of information to
the practical man and the
student. It is profusely
illustrated, handsomely
printed and in every way
a high class standard pub-
lication.

$12.80 INSTEAD OF $38.00

Free on Five Days' Approval— No Risk to You— No Obligation— No Expense

We are assuming a great risk in making an offer of this sort. You realize that. But we
do this for one reason only. We know if you order this set of books at this low price and
on these liberal terms you will be so entirely satisfied that you will not hesitate to recommend
the set to any friend, and we feel sure you will always have a good word to say about the
Cyclopedia whenever it is mentioned.

This set of books is built from the ground up. It is for the practical man. It tells the
how and why" of everything pertaining to concrete construction without difficult mathe-
matics. There is not a line of text, an illustration, a drawing in the entire set which the
average school boy cannot completely and thoroughly understand without going anywhere or
to anybody for further explanation. Read over the terms again. You lose nothing whether
you buy or not, but by ordering now you get this great big work, which appeals so particu-
-ru *? y ° U an< * y ° m - means °* earnm 8 a living, absolutely without risking a cent.
Then if you finally decide to buy it, you save yourself $25.20 on the purchase price, and not
only that, but you get the free premium and also a full year's subscription to the Cement
World, the greatest cement paper published.

Why delay; why hesitate, when we take all the risk? Read the "No Risk"
coupon carefully, sign it and send it in before you lose the circular.

FREE
PREMIUM

As a special induce-
ment for quick action

on your part we will give
you during the term of
this special offer, AB-
SOLUTELY FREE, a
handsome quarter-sawed
oak Book Case, especially
made to hold this library.
This means added ex-
pense to us, but we are
willing to pay the cost of
quick action on your
part.

This Book Case Of-
fer is made solely to
have you act on the of-
fer at once.

FREE ON APPROVAL

Our plan of sale binds you to nothing-. We give you
the really great opportunity of securing these books for
five days' free examination in the privacy of your own
home or office, no one to bother you-while you look them
over, no one trying to influence your judgment. You ex-
amine the books at our expense, and if you don't want to
keep them permanently you merely notify us by postal
card and we remove them immediately.

PARTIAL LIST OF CONTENTS

To fully realize their immense scope you must

see the books

Ancient and Modern Use
of Concrete

Development of Cement In-
dustry

Dictionary of Terms

Materials and Manufacture
of Concrete

Common and Hydraulic
Lime

Kinds of Cement (Natural,
Portland, etc.)

Aggregates (Sand, Gravel,
Crushed Stone)

Proportions for Mixing

Hand and Machine Mixing

Continuous and Batch Mix-
ing

Strength of Concrete

Cement Testing

Cost of Concrete

General Working Rules

Depositing Concrete (in

Air; under Water)

Bonding Old and New Con-
crete

Precautions against Freez-
ing

Efflorescence and Laitance

Concrete Troubles and
Remedies

Causes of Failure of Con-
crete Work

Expansion, Contraction,
Hair Cracks, etc.

Water-proofing Processes

Anhydra, Anti-Hydro,
Anti-Hydrine, _ Aquabar

Asphalt, Cemeline, Dehy-
dratine

Esco and Impervo Water-
proofing

Hydrated Lime, Hydratite

Idealite, Insulite

Ideal Waterproofing Filler

Ironite, Liquid Konkerit,
Mineral Rubber

Medusa Compound

Petrifax, Saltsproofing

Sarco, Sartac, Te-Pe-Co-

Toxement, Trus-coN Pro-
ducts

Whitehall Waterproofing
Compound

Water-proof and Weather-
proof Paints

Concrete Blocks and Bricks

Development of Block In-
dustry

Mortar

Hollow Tile (Cement and
Terra Cotta)

Stucco and Plaster

Concreting Machinery and
Tools

Crushers and Grinders

Separators, Sand Shifters,
Screens

Mixers (Continuous and
Batch, Hand and Power)

Commercial Types of Mix-
ers

Automatic Measuring
Tanks

Street Paving Machines

Wheelbarrows and Carts

Dump Cars (Side and Bot-
tom)

Gasoline Engines, Motors

Elevators, Hoists and
Buckets

Hand Tools (Trowel, Float,
Tamper, Edger, etc.)

Concrete Block Machines

A Block Manufacturing
Plant

Standardization and Regu-
lation

Kinds of Blocks (Solid,
Hollow, Two-piece, etc.)

Materials and Mixing

Automatic and Pneumatic
Tampers

Curing (Air and Steam)

Storage

Block Cars

Cost of Blocks

Brick Machines

Column Moulding Ma-
chines

Tile and Pipe Machines

Shingle Machines

Plain Concrete Construction

Forms (Wood, Metal)

Construction of Wooden
Forms

Collapsible Metal Forms
(Blaw, Overturf, etc.)

Concrete Houses _

Design (Monolithic, Block,
Brick, etc.)

Plaster Work and Stucco

Foundations

Concrete Piles

Footings

Floors and Walls

Wall Units (Aiken Sys-
tem)

Partitions

Joist and Wall Hangers
and Stirrups

Fireplaces and Hearths

Stairs and Steps

Chimneys and Chimney
Caps

Roofs and Shingles

Porches and Piazza

Balusters and Coping

Water Table

Sills and Lintels

Examples of Concrete
Houses

Fireproof Construction

The Fire Risk and Insur-
ance

Fireproof Floors

Hollow Tile Walls

Partitions, etc.

Expanded Metal

Metal Lath and Furring

Welded and Woven Wire

Mineral Wool

Fireproof Shingles

Sidewalks

Curbs and Gutters

Pavements and Driveways

Culverts

Artistic and Ornamental
Uses of Concrete

Coloring

Surface Finishes

Colored Tile Mosaics

Mouldings and Ornamental
Shapes

Keene's Cement

Medusa White Portland
Cement

Artstone

Marblecrete

Ornamental Use of Con-
crete Blocks

Landscape Adornment
(Fountains, Garden
Seats, etc.)

Concrete on the Farm

Fence Posts

Gate Posts

Hitching Posts and Horse
Block

Sewer and Drain Pipe

A Concrete Barn

Barn and Crib Floors

Concrete Silos

Feeding Floors

Concrete Stable

Box Stalls

Poultry House

Hog Pen and Feeding
Trough

Windmill Foundations

Watering Trough, Cistern

Rain Barrel, Well Curb

Hotbed, Greenhouse

Root Cellar

Ice House, Refrigerator

Hens* Nests, Dog Kennels

Reinforced Concrete

Historical Sketch

Advantages of Reinforced
Concrete

Fire Risk and Insurance

Stiffness of Reinforced
Concrete

Durability

Principles and Design

Cost of Reinforced Con-
crete

Reinforced Materials and
Systems

Life of Steel in Concrete

Expanded Metal, Rib Metal

Welded and Woven Wire

Metal Lath

Plain and Deformed Bars

Bending Bars

Ransame Bar, Johnson Bar

Twisted Lug Bar

Thacher Bar, Universal Bar

Diamond Bar, U Twisted
Lock Bar

Monolith Steel Bar

Herringbone Trussed Bar

Kahn System

Hennebique System

Gabriel System

Turner ^ Mushroom System

Columbian System

Cummin gs System

Spider Web System

Unit-Girder System

Pin-Connected Girder Sys-
tem

Vaughan System

National System

System M

American "High-Carbon"
System

"Invincible" Terra-Cotta
Tile Columns

Industrial Buildings (Fac-
tories, Mills, Office
Buildings, etc.)

Representative Reinforced
Concrete Structures

Smokestacks

Sewer and Tunnel Work

Piers, Dams

Docks (Wet and Dry)

Cofferdams

Cribs, Caissons

Clay Puddle

Steel Sheeting, Ribs and
Lagging

Retaining Walls

Bridges and Viaducts

Piers and Abutments

Types of Bridge Structures
Reservoirs and Flumes
Water Tanks, Breakwaters
Lighthouses, Telegraph

Poles
Railroad Ties
Coal Hopper, Garage
Bath House, Sinks
Mausoleums, Burial Vaults
Safes, etc.
Useful Data (Tables, Rules,

Suggestions, etc.)
Masonry Construction
Origin and Classification

of Rocks
Properties of Building

Stone
Tests of Stone
Stonework, Rubble
Cut Stone, Bonds and

Joints
Mortar
Stonecutting
Foundation, Walls
Abutments, Culverts
Piers, Arches
Brick and Brickwork
Composition of Brick Clay
Manufacture of Brick (Ma-
chinery, Fuel, Drying

and Burning)
Varieties of Brick
Properties (Color, Strength,

Porosity, Density)
Shape of Brick
Tests of Brick
Mortar
Stone and Brick Masons*

Tools
Freezing Weather
Bond (English, Flemish,

Dutch)
Brick Walls and Chim-
neys
Brick Sewers, Brick

Arches
Measurement of Brickwork
Steel Construction
Manufacture of Iron and

Steel
Testing

The Steel Frame
Enclosing Walls
Columns and Partitions

Floors and Roofs

Steel Shapes (I-Beams,
Tees, Zees, Plates, Chan-
nels, Angles)

Use of Handbook Tables

Loads and Spacing

Allowable Stresses

Factor of Safety

Rivets and Riveting

Tie Rods

Fireproof Materials

Terra-Cotta Floor and Roof
Arches

Column Covering

Corrosion of Steel

Paint for Structural Metal

Beams and Girders

Skyscrapers

Mill Buildings and Factor-
ies

Roof Trusses

Rafters and Purlins

Roof Coverings

Expansion Bearings

Tension and Compression
Members

Bracing, Splices

Run-away Girders, Cranes

Truss and Girder Bridges

Deck and Through Bridges

Dead and Live Loads

Clearance Diagram

Stress Sheet

Lateral Bracing and Cross-
Frames

Web and Flanges

Stiffeners

Intermediate and End posts

Lacing Bars

Pins and Rivets, Bearings

Superintendence

Timekeeping^

Cost Analysis

Heating and Ventilating:

Plumbing

Mechanical Drafting

Architectural Drawing and
Lettering

Freehand and Perspective
Drawing

Carpentry

Electric Wiring

Contracts and Specifica-
tions

RADFORD ARCHITECTURAL COMPANY, nth & 12th Floors, Medina!. Bidg., CHICAGO, ILL

^ The up-to-date mechanic in every kind of work trains
his brain even more carefully than he ever trained his hand.
That is the slogan of Twentieth Century Success — the
trained mind in a trained body.
<| The man who uses the compass, the steel square, the
chisel or the saw has got to have a true eye and steady hand.
He learns in his apprenticeship how so train his eye and hand
to the top notch of efficiency. Too often, however, this same
man of the trained body forgets to train the mind that
directs the work of the body. This kind of a man withf
the untrained mind, while he may be able to do-
mechanical work well enough, cannot do brain work
and is bound to get in a rut in the long run. It takes
a trained mind to read plans and blue prints; that's why so
many workers live and die in the same kind of a position.
You have seen the result on the first page of this advertise-
ment. The untrained man becomes THE MAN
WHO STOOD STILL.

*f At the cost of thousands of dollars and years of experi-l
ence of hundreds of the best known practical building
experts, architects and construction engineers, we have col-
lected and prepared the material for the greatest, most com-
prehensive, the most practical, thorough and understandable

CYCLOPEDIA of
CONSTRUCTION,

CARPENTRY, BUILDING,
and ARCHITECTURE

ever before even conceived.

Twelve Great Big Massive Volumes

and one extra large volume of 350 pages of

actual plans, drawn by foremost architects

Selected for their excellence, economy

of design and popularity along

With tne building classes. The vol-

p || ume of plans is portfolio size

a r uii anc j i s - n j tse [f wort j 1 t h e

Year's special price asked

o i_ • -• f°r the com-

Subscnption p i ete set
to the

AMERICAN CARPENTER
AND BUILDER

TWo Kinds of

TWo Kinds

$23.80 Instead of $79.00
Free on Five Days' Approval— No Risk to
You— No Obligation — No Expense

The Greatest
Building Paper
in the World

We are making this great offer merely to advertise this set

of books at the start. This is absolutely the newest, biggest

and most comprehensive set of books ever written on the subject of

Building Construction. Our entire organization has had a hand in preparing

it, and we have picked outside men here and there from the best and most

practical material available.

Four thousand pages— thousands of
Illustrations, diagrams, charts, plans
and working drawings — hand-
somely and durably bound; de
Luxe in every particular.

The Radford
Architectural Go.

Medinah Building
CHICAGO, ILL

^ The difference between the man at the desk and the man at
the bench is training — the kind of training that demands well paid
positions of dignity and importance,

^ We don't mean by this that the desk job is always better
than the bench job. We don't mean that you should change your
present work. We do mean, however, that you must combine more of
the desk man's kind of training with your work if you want to
continue a live factor in your trade.

1R The desk man uses one kind of tool that too often the bench
man neglects entirely. That tool — the best one in the whole kit —
is books; practical books that tell how to do your work in the
easiest, the best and latest ways ; books that tell you all about each
and every feature of your work to the smallest detail ; books that keep
you in touch with the biggest and smallest details of building construction.
^ Government Statistics prove that the average desk man earns
$22,000-00 more in a lifetime than the average bench man simply
because of this main fact — he trains the brain as well as the eye and hand.

Small List of Contents

To Realize their Tremendous Scope
Must See the Books

You

Workers a nd
of Tools

Carpentry
Stair Building
Steel Square
Correct Measurements
How to Test Steel Square
Key to Steel Square
Possibilities of Steel Square
Test Questions, Practical

Problems, Reviews
Framing

Roof Construction
Roof Trusses and Mill

Building Construction

Strength of Material
Shingling — All Kinds
Roofing Materials
Foundations, Retaining

Walls, etc.
Piles and Caissons
Excavating
Masonry
Brick Laying
Stone Cutting
Mortars, Limes, Cement,

etc.
Sewers and Drains

House Drainage and Sani-
tation

Estimating and Superinten-
dence

Laws of Building Contracts

Painting and Glazing

Plastering Hardware

Blue Printing

Handicraft Work in the
Home

Finishing Wood of all
Kinds

Reinforced Concrete

Never before has this subject been so completely treated

Cement Plaster Work

Cement Mortar

Monolithic Concrete Con-
struction

Sidewalks, Pavements and
Floors

Expansion joints

Concrete Floors
Walls and Foundations
Steps and Stairs
Concrete on the Farm
Concrete Tanks and Cis-
terns
Roofings, Chimneys, etc.

Specifications for Portland

Cement
How to Test Cement
Standard Specifications for
Concrete Blocks

Reinforced Concrete

Bridges
Railroad Work, Concrete
lies, Abutments, Cul-

verts
Concrete Dams
Retaining Walls

Establishing a Concrete

Block Business
Concrete Block Systems
Proportions Sand, Stone,
Gravel and Water
Reinforced Concrete
Various Systems, Tables
Showing How to Rein-
force
Lawn Ornaments — Foun-
tains, Seats, Vases, Sun
Dials

Steel Construction

Genera! Principles
Practical Applications
Practical Problems in Con-
struction

This subject is handled thoroughly

Fireproofing Placing Radiators

Use of Tiles ( F lacing Flues, etc.

Ventilation and Plumbing Steam Fitting, Gas Fitting,

Heating — Steam, Hot Air, etc.
Hot Water, Furnace

Architectural, Mechanical,
Free Hand and Perspec-
tive Drawing

How to Overcome Con-
crete Troubles

Curing Stone by Steam

Color of Concrete Blocks

Waterproofing

Cement Ornamentation —
Porches, Columns,
Fences, Capitals

Farm Buildings

Hundreds of Perspective
Views and Floor Plans of
Cement. Plaster and
Concrete Block Houses

Render ng in Pen and Ink
and Wash

Lettering

Practical Problems in Men-
suration

Water Color Effects

The Five Orders

<]J All you need do is to send
$1 00, and the books will be sent
you for five days* free examination.
If you keep the books, you pay
$2 00 a month until the Special
Price, $19 80 is paid (including a
year's subscription to the Am^oan
Carpenter and Builder ) . Other w w o,
you agree to notify us within five
days after the receipt of the books,
and we will send for them at our
expense, returning your $1,00 de-
posit immediately.

The Radford
Architectural Co.

Medinah Building

CHICAGO

ARCHITECTURE

EASY LESSONS IN ARCHITEC-
TURE. Consisting of a series of ques-
tions and answers explaining in simple
language the principles and progress of
architecture from the earliest times. By
Thomas Mitchell. Illustrated by nearly

ISO engravings. Cloth. Price 50c.

Architecture is not only a profession and
an art, but an important branch of every
liberal education. No person can be said
to be well educated who has not some
knowledge of its general principles and
of the characteristics of the different
styles. The present work is probably
the best architectural text-book for be-
ginners ever published. The numerous
illustrative engravings make the subject
very simple and prevent all misunder-
standing. It tells all about the different
styles, their peculiar features, their
origin and the principles that underlie
their construction.

A SHORT HISTORY OF ARCHI-
TECTURE. By Arthur Lyman Tuck-
erman. With illustrations, by the au-
thor. 8vo. Price .„ .$1.50

This work will be found especially val-
uable for purposes of instruction, being
brief and yet comprehensive, adapted to
the needs of beginners, and yet contain-
ing all that is most important for ad-
vanced students to know.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN IN AR-
CHITECTURE. By W. H. Garbett.
240 pages, i2mo, illustrated, limp cloth.
Price $1.00

This is a work of great value from a
historical, architectural and artistic
standpoint. It gives the student an in-
sight into the reasons for beauty in many
kinds of construction.

ORDERS OF ARCHITECTURE. By

W. H. Leeds. 139 pages, i2mo, illus-
trated, limp cloth. Price 60c.

This work, though not written in that
form, is, in a' certain sense, a dictionary
of classic architecture. The author at-
tempts to explain the orders in architec-
ture and the aesthetic principle uoon
which they are founded.
STYLES OF ARCHITECTURE. By
T. T. Bury. 200 pages, i2mo., illus-
trated by numerous wood cuts, limp cloth.
Price 80c.

DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTU-
RAL AND BUILDING TERMS by

leading authorities, 108 pages, elaborately

illustrated, i2mo, cloth. Price 50c.

A practical, handy, concise and reliable
reference book for architects, builders,
and students of building construction,
defining over 1,100 terms relating to ar-
chitecture and building. A book of this
sort supplies a real want, as the few
large architectural dictionaries and cy-
clopedias are so elaborate and costly as
to be out of reach of the majority of
the earnest students of building con-
struction. The book is elaborately il-
lustrated with many fine illustrations se-
lected from the world's finest architec-
tural examples.

HANDBOOK OF ARCHITECTURAL
STYLES. By A. Rosengarten. 639
illustrations 509 pages, 8vo, cloth.

Price $2.50

This is the most elaborate and satisfac-
tory work of its kind in low priced form
and available to the student of architec-
ture, and being free from technicalities
of special importance to the non-profes-
sional reader. The book is classified in
three parts given respectively to ancient
architecture, Romanesque architecture
and modern styles of architecture.

THE STORY OF ARCHITECTURE.
An outline of the styles in all countries.
By Charles Matthews, M.A., i2mo, 468

pages. Price $3.00

This is a work for popular use treating
the development and styles of architec-
ture from the earliest periods in an in-
structive and entertaining manner. The
final chapter is on American architecture.

VIGNOLA. The five orders of archi-
tecture, according to Giacomo Barozzi,
of Vignola. To which are added the
Greek orders. Edited and translated by
Arthur Lvman Tuckerman. 4to, cloth.
Price ...." '..$5.00

COMPLETE INDEX of all terms in
art, architecture, heraldry, and archaeolo-
gy. 2,000 illustrations, 8vo, cloth.
Price $2.25

GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN
ARCHITECTURE. By Thomas D.
Atkinson. 200 pages, 265 illustrations,
cloth, i2mo. Price . . . $1.50

SANITATION
VENTILATION

HEATING
TINSMITHING

MODERN PLUMBING ILLUS-
TRATED By R. M. Starbuck, 384
pages, 55 full page plates, 4to cloth.
Price .$4.00

A thorough and practical work issued
on the modern and most approved meth-
ods of plumbing construction, illustrating
and describing the drainage and ventila-
tion of dwellings apartments and public
buildings, etc.; the standard work for
plumbers, architects, builders, property
owners, and for boards of health and
plumbing examiners.
PRACTICAL STEAM AND HOT
WATER HEATING AND VENTI-
LATION. By Alfred C. King, 367
pages. 300 illustrations, 8vo, cloth, . .$3.00
The most elaborate and. complete work
that has ever been published for the use
of heating contractors, journeymen steam
fitters' apprentices, architects and build-
ers and all engaged in the business^ of
steam, hot water heating and ventilation.
It is an original and exhaustive w r ork.
Tells how to get heating contracts, how
to install heating and ventilating appara-
tus,
HEATING BY STEAM AND HOT
WATER. A practical treatise on house
heating by Charles B. Thompson, 200
pages, 268 illustrations, 8vo, cloth.. .$3.00
This is a thorough and practical work
on modern heating and most improved
methods of installing heating apparatus
in the home. Short and accurate rules
for computing radiation heat losses, etc.
Accurate data, consisting of charts, il-
lustrations and description of how best
to heat water for baths, swimming pools,
etc., etc:
WATER-CLOSETS. A historical me-
chanical and sanitary treatise. By Glenn
Brown, architect, president American In-
stitute of Architects. Neatly bound in

cloth. Price 50c.

This* book contains over 250 engravings
drawn expressly for the work by the au-
thor. The paramount importance of this
department of the construction of our
houses renders all comment upon the val-
ue of such a work unnecessary.
WATER SUPPLY. By Frederick E.
Turneaure, C.E. 160 pp., 40 illus.^ Cloth
binding. An exhaustive compendium for
sanitary and waterworks engineers and
all interested in matters affecting public
health. p r i ce $1.00

SEWERS AND DRAINS. By A. Mars-
ton, C.E. 176 pp., 60 illus. Cloth bind-
ing. A new work containing complete,
practical information for the civil and
sanitary engineer on the selection and
construction of sewerage and drainage
systems and sewage disposal plants a for
cities, towns, and other municipalities.

Price $1.00

AMERICAN SANITARY PLUMBING.
For plumbers, steam fitters, architects,
builders, apprentices and householders.
Containing practical information of all
the principles involved in the mechanics'
and science of plumbing. Plumbing as
an art. Everything explained in the
most simple language, so that it wiR be
impossible to misunderstand anything.
The best illustrated work of the kind
eves published, showing many new ap-
pliances and devices not illustrated in
any other work. By James J. Law-
ler. 320 pages, i2mo, cloth. Price. $2.00
PRACTICAL HOT WATER HEAT-
ING, STEAM AND GAS FITTING.
Illustrating 25 years' practical experience
in the business. By James J. Lawler.
For master plumbers, stam fitters, archi-
tects, builders apprentices and household-
ers. The best and most practical work
on above branches ever published. Con-
taining 250 pages, large i2mo, cloth, nu-
merous illustrations. Price $2.00

PRACTICAL GAS FITTING and GAS
MANUFACTURE. With numerous
diagrams and engravings. By Paul N.
Hasluck. i2mo, cloth, illustrated. .$1.00
Contents. — How Coal Gas is Made.
Coal Gas from the Retort to the Gas
Holder. Gas Supply from Gas Holder
to Meter. Laying the Gas Pipe in the
House. Gas Meters. Gas Burners. In-
candescent Lights. Gas Fittings in
Workshops and Theatres. Gas Fittings
for Festival Illuminations. Gas Fires
and Cooking Stoves. Index.
SHEET METAL WORK. By William
Neubecker. 320 pp., 380 illus. Half
Morocco binding. A complete manual of
practical self-instfuction in the art of
pattern drafting for light and heavy-
gauge metal, skylight work and roofing,

cornice work. etc. Price $3.00

NEW METAL WORKER PATTERN
BOOK. By Geo. W. Kittredge.
430 pages, 744 illustrations, 10x13 inches,
cloth, " Price $5.00

PAINTING

HOW TO MIX PAINTS. A simple
treatise prepared for the wants of the
practical painter. By C. Godfrey 64

pages, 6 illustrations, i2mo, cloth 50c,

This book is intended for those who
have not had the benefit of a long train-
ing and experience in the mixing of col-
ors. Simple and clear directions are
given , so that by a little practice the
reader may be able to mix the various
tints and shades' of reds, blues, yellows,
browns greens, grays, and colors i^iade
from blacks, japans, etc. With prelimi-
nary remarks on mixing paints, straining
paints', tints and shades, use and carp of
brushes, together with hints on display-
ing colors to show customers^; notes on
color harmony, etc., etc. A book that
every painter will find an exceedingly
handy companion, as by its very com-
plete index the directions for mixing any
tint or shade of paint can be found in-
stantly.

THE HARDWOOD FINISHER. With
rules and directions for finishing in na-
tural colors, and in antique, mahogany,
cherry, birch, walnut, oak, ash, redwood,
sycamore pine and all other domestic
woods. Finishing, filling, staining, var-
nishing and polishing also miscellaneous
rules for dyeing, /gilding and bronzing.
By C. Godfrey, 108 pages, illustrated,

i2mo, cloth. Price ; 50c.

Most mechanics who have no experience
in preparing, wood for hardwood finish
do not care to try it for fear of failure ;
but we can assure such that if they fol-
low closely the methods laid down in
this book .they will be astonished and
gratified at the results. Directions are
given at length for the preparation of
the wood and the application of "fillers,"
with some good and sound advice re-
garding these important operations. Hints
on fixing hardwood finish so that nail or
screw heads cannot be seen are clearly
presented, and the whole practice of
scraping, rubbing and polishing given
with a clearness and simplicity that the
beginner may readily understand every
branch of the work.

PRACTICAL PAINTERS' WORK. By
P. N. Hasluck, 160 pages illustrated,

i2mo, cloth. Price $1.00

Contents. — Objects, Principles and Pro-
cesses of Painting. Painters' Tools and
Appliances.

The PAINTERS' ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

Containing definitions of all important
words in the art of plain and artistic
painting, with details of practice in coach,
carriage, railway car, house, sign and or-
namental painting; including graining,
marbling, staining, varnishing, polishing,
lettering, stenciling gilding, bronzing, to-
gether with valuable hints and helps in
scene painting porcelain painting, plain'
and distemper painting. By F. R. Gard-
ner. Illustrated, 427 pages, i2mo, cloth.

Price , $1.50

It is believed that no word or subject
connected with the art of painting has
been omitted from this book, and that it
will be found invaluable to every paint-
er, no matter with what branch of the
art he may be connected.

EVERYBODY'S PAINT BOOK. A

Complete guide to the art of outdoor
and indoor painting. 38 illustrations, 183

pages, i2mo, cloth. Price $1.00

Practical instructions are given for plain
painting, varnishing, polishing, staining,
paper-hanging, kalsomining, renovating
furniture, etc. Descriptions of tools and
materials and explicit directions for mix-
ing paints are included. The subject
of home decoration is briefly considered.

PRACTICAL GRAINING AND MAR-
BLING. By Paul N. Hasluck. 160
pages, illustrated by 79 engravings, i2mo,

cloth. Price $100

Contents.- — Graining: Introduction, Tools
and Mechanical Aids Graining Grounds
and Graining Colors. Oak Graining in
Oil. Oak Graining in Spirit and Water
Colors. Pollard Oak and Knotted Oak
Graining. Maple Graining. Mahogany
and Pitch-pine Graining. Walnut Grains
ing Fancy Wood Graining. Furniture
Graining. Imitating Woods by Staining.
Imitating Inlaid Woods. Marbling: In-
troduction. Tools, and Materials. Imi-
tating different Varieties of Marble.

GILDERS' MANUAL. A guide to gild-
ing in all its branches as used in the
several trades such as interior decora-
tion, picture and looking-glass frames,
oil and water gilding, re-gilding, gilding
china, glass, pottery, etc., etc. 135 pages,
i6mo, paper cover. Price ....50c.

PAINTERS' MANUAL. 96 pages, i2mo,
paper. Price 50c.

THE PRACTICAL STONE-CUTTER
AND MASON'S ASSISTANT. Being
a collection of every-day examples show-
ing arches, retaining walls, buttresses,
skew arches, vaults, domes and semi-
domes, quoins, groins, etc., with explana-
tions of the most approved and economi-
cal methods of working them out; to-
gether with a copious description of the
tools used by stonecutters, showing meth-
ods of use, etc., etc. By Fred. T. Hodg-
son. Over ioo explanatory illustrations.

Paper. Price 50c.

This book is not intended as an elabor-
ate treatise, but was prepared for the
purpose of iniating the young stonemason
into the rudiments of his trade. The
book covers a considerable range of prac-
tice, as indicated in the title,

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. By R

E. Kidder. Part I. Masons' Work. 350
illustrations, new edition, 600 pages. 8vo,
cloth. Price $6.00

Contents: Foundations on firm soils;
foundations ^ on compressible soils ; ma-
sonary footings and foundation walls —
shoring and underpinning; limes, cements
and mortars building stones; cut stone-
work; brickwork; iron and steel sup-
ports for mason work — skeleton construc-
tion ; lathing and^ plastering; concrete
building construction, plain, and rein-
forced; specifications; appendix.

BUILDING STONES. By P. N. Has-

luck, 96 pages, illustrated, i6mo, cloth.
Price 50c.

Contents.— Stone fdrmation, quarrying
and blasting, selecting and testing, gran-
ite, slates, schists, sand-stones, lime-
stones, weathering, dressing and polish-
ing.

BRICKS AND BRICKMAKING. By

P. N. Hasluck. 96 pages, illustrated,
i6mo, cloth. Price 50c.

BRICKLAYING. By Owen B. Magin-
nis. Illustrated by over 150 engravings.
Royal 8vo, bound in cloth. Price. .$1.50
This book is divided into two main sec-
tions The first treats of bricklayers'
tools and their application, laying or set-
ting out the work, measuring, leveling,
mixing concretes and mortars, bricklay-
ing and bonding straight walls of various
thicknesses, building brick angles, cor-
ners and intersecting walls, laying bricks
in Flemish, running and herring-bone
bonds, front work, brick arches, lintels,
piers, chimneys, flues and chimney
breasts, anchoring, bracing and furring
brick walls, together with general im-
portant and miscellaneous details of
brickwork. The second section treats
of shoring, needling and underpinning,
and covers the important operations and
methods necessary in altering brick
buildings and the proper temporary and
permanent preservation and protection of
old or adjoining buildings.

PRACTICAL BRICKWORK. By P.

N. Hasluck, 160 pages, 368 illustrations,
i2mo, cloth. Price $1,00

Contents.— English and Flemish bonds.
Garden and boundary walls. Bonds for
square angles. Excavations, foundations
and footings. Junctions of cross walls.
Reveals, piers. Angles and other bonds.
Jointing arud pointing. Damp proof
courses and construction. Hollow or
cavity walls. Chimneys and fireplaces.
Gauged work and arches. Niches, etc.

MASONRY CONSTRUCTION. By Al-
fred E. Phillips, C.E., and Austin T.
Byrne. 145 pages, 44 illus. Cloth bind-
ing. A handbook of practical informa-
tion for stonemasons, stonecutters, brick-
layers, cement and concrete workers, etc.
Embodying the latest and best American
practice. $1.00

INDEX

Design No. Page

G-100. 13

G-101 61

G-102 11

G-103 " 53

G-104 37

G-105 28

G-106 15

G-107 43

G-108. 22

G-109 25

G-110 24

G-lll. 17

G-112 45

G-113 33

G-114 34

G-115 12

G-116 31

G-117 30

G-.118 , 23

G-119. 41

G-120 29

G-121 64

G-122 10

G-123.. 40

G-124 38

G-125 32

G-126 51

3 rice of Plans

and

Specifications

$ 6.00

6.00

5.00

6.00

10.00

18.00

6.00

8.00

5.00

6.00

20.00

5.00

8.00

15.00

10.00

8.00

10.00

15.00

30.00

10.00

6.00

5.00

Price of Plans
and

Design No. Page Specifications

G-127 36 $ 5.00

G-128 49 5.00

G-129... 35 50.00

G-130 14 35.00

G-131 27 35.00

G-132 26 40.00

G-133 16 ■ 35.00

G-134 18 15.00

G-135 19 25.00

G-136 42 10.00

G-137 39 6.00

G-138 57 8.00

G-139 44 8.00

G-140 21 8.00

G-142 50 10.00

G-143 46 10,00

G-144 48 8.00

G-146 52 10.00

G-1'47 59 8.00

G-148 55 5.00

G-149 47 8.00

G-150 20 12.00

G-151 54 8.00

G-152 9 15.00

G-153 56 10.00

G-154 58 10.00

G-155 60 18.00

«,*b\

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